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5.1 Remittance Flows between Cajatambo and LimaLet us now consider a contrasting case involving remittances within thecontext of internal migration (Rodríquez Doig 1994). The study is unusualin that it identifies and measures the types, quantity and frequency ofthe two-way flow of remittances between a central Andean region andthe city of Lima/Callao. The highland region in question is Cajatambolocated northeast of Lima. The zone is predominantly a livestock and milkproducing area, combined with the cultivation of wheat, maize, potatoes andvegetables. It is located about a four-hour journey by road from Lima.In comparison with the Mantaro region, the area is much less diversifiedand dynamic economically and educational standards are also lower. Thereis regular migration of (mainly) young men to Lima seeking work andeducational betterment. Out of a sample of 613 persons associated withthe Club Juventud Cajatambo (Cajatambo Youth Club), 63 percent wererecorded as living in El Cono Norte de Lima among a number of urbansquatter settlements (often called asentamientos populares) that wereoriginally founded through land invasions in the mid-1980s.In 1989/1990 research was conducted to map and analyze the economic,social and cultural flows between the region of Cajatambo and the urbansettlements close to Lima where Cajatambo migrants live. Some 35households on the outskirts of the metropolitan area were selected fordetailed interviews, and various documentary sources were examined forinformation on the flow of goods, parcels and letters. Interviews werealso conducted with key traders involved in the commercialization oflivestock and agricultural products. Finally, twelve weeks of messagesand information put out by a special “outreach” radio program (ProgramaRadial “Amanecer Cajatambino”) targeting people from Cajatambo werereviewed. The main results of the household interviews were as follows:Food products (or what the author calls “productos de subsistencia”)consisting of potatoes, maize, meat and milk products were sent by familiesin Cajatambo to relatives in Lima and the latter reciprocated by supplyingthem with a range of processed food items, medicines and clothing. 68.6percent of the sample said they received products from Cajatambo and74.3 percent said that they sent items home. In both cases these werefor direct consumption. Information on the frequency of flows indicatedthat 62.5 percent of households sent items every month (some as oftenas once a week), 8.3 percent once every three months and the remainder(29.2 percent) only at the time of Patron Saint fiestas and for New Yearcelebrations.55