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Table 2. Characteristics of Emigrants Who Have Remitted and Who Have Never RemittedIndependent Variables Remitted Never RemittedSocio-Demographic CharacteristicsAverage age 33.41 33.62Married 78.4% 66.7%Average years of schooling 8.64 6.75Household CharacteristicsAverage dependency ratio 0.15 0.18Home ownership 93.5% 88.1%Migration-Economic CharacteristicsAverage duration of stay overseas 6.57 6.75Average emigration cost $33,768.84 $26,631.58Average previous year remittances $8,153.28 ---Average cumulative years’ remittances $52,617.91 ---Village Economic ContextAverage proportion of females in industry 0.04 0.03Village InfrastructureAverage distance to national highway (km) 8.46 10.18Bank of China branch 23.8% 17.4%Village Agrarian ContextAverage agrarian population density 318.31 435.88Average proportion of agrarian land 0.19 0.19Number of emigrants 1,437 60Table 3. Spending Patterns of Overseas Remittances by Duration of Stay Overseas296Remittances were spent on: Overall < 1yearDuration of Stay Overseas1-2years3-5years6-9years10+yearsPaying for family’s living 84.3% 77.2% 66.5% 83.2% 89.0% 89.4%Paying off emigration cost 43.8% 50.0% 67.0% 55.4% 36.5% 24.0%Supporting the elderly 37.3% 27.8% 21.4% 32.0% 41.9% 47.7%Building or purchasing housing 26.7% 16.7% 7.7% 19.1% 33.4% 39.2%Helping to raise children bornoverseas but sent back to ChinaSupporting local education andother public projects19.6% 11.1% 9.9% 15.9% 26.8% 18.7%11.4% 5.6% 6.0% 9.7% 11.8% 17.0%Other purposes 4.7% 5.6% 3.3% 3.7% 5.0% 5.0%Building ancestry grave 3.6% 0.0% 2.2% 1.8% 4.3% 6.4%Doing business 2.4% 11.1% 2.2% 2.1% 1.9% 3.2%Total number of cases 1,436 18 182 435 518 283