The Ashkenazi Revolution

298BaderMenachem Bader was bornin Kraków in Austria-Hungary (today in Poland), where he studied at a StateGymnasium. In his youth he was active in the Jewish Socialist Party, the"Bund" followed by "HaShomer Hatzair" but in 1925 he joined the RevisionistZionist Movement. He studied law, economics, philosophy and historyat Jagiellonian University, where he earned Doctor of Law degree and wascertified as a lawyer. He also edited the Polish language weekly TribunaNarodna.Balfour DeclarationThe Balfour Declaration of1917 (dated 2 November 1917) was a letter from the British ForeignSecretary Arthur James Balfour to Baron Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd BaronRothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission tothe Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland. It reads, in part:“His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine ofa national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours tofacilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood thatnothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights ofexisting non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and politicalstatus enjoyed by Jews in any other country."Ballin Albert Ballin (August 15,1857 – 9November 1918) was a German businessman. He was born into a modestJewish family of Hamburg with origins in Denmark.Bar-GioraOn September 28, 1907, a groupof Poalei Zion members gathered at Yitzhak Ben-Zvi's unfurnished apartmentin Jaffa apartment formed Bar-Giora, a Jewish self-defense organizationnamed for Simon Bar Giora, one of the leaders of the Jewish Revolt againstthe Romans. The founding members were Israel Shochat, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, MendelPortugali, Israel Giladi, Alexander Zaid, Yehezkel Hankin, Yehezkel Nissanovand Moshe Givoni. The goal of the organization was settling the land andguarding it from Arab attackers. Previously, Arab guards had been hired forprotection. Many Jews refused to employ members of Bar- Giora fearing itwould cause more friction with the local Arabs.Bar KokhbaShimon bar Kokhba (alsotransliterated as Bar Kochba) was the Jewish leader of what is known asthe Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE, establishing an