The Ashkenazi Revolution

327Nations Security Council as a mediator in the aftermath of the 1948 Arab–IsraeliWar.Yehuda haLeviJudah Halevi (also YehudaHalevi; c. 1075–1141) was a Spanish Jewish physician, poet and philosopher.He was born in Spain, either in Toledo or Tudela, in 1075 or 1086, and diedshortly after arriving in the Land of Israel in 1141. Halevi is considered one ofthe greatest Hebrew poets, celebrated both for his religious and secularpoems, many of which appear in present-day liturgy. His greatestphilosophical work was The Kuzari.Yehuda Leib GordonJudah Leib (Ben Asher) Gordon,also known as Leon Gordon, (December 7, 1830, Vilnius, Lithuania –September 16, 1892, St. Petersburg, Russia was among the mostimportant Hebrew poets of the Jewish Enlightenment.Yehudah Leib PinskerLeon Pinsker (1821, TomaszówLubelski, Poland, then Russian Empire, – 1891, Odessa Russian Empire) wasa physician, a Zionist pioneer and activist, and the founder and leader ofthe Hovevei Zion, also known as Hibbat Zion (Lovers of Zion) movement.YeshivasA yeshiva (plural yeshivot) isa Jewish educational institution that focuses on the study of traditionalreligious texts, primarily the Talmud and Torah study. Until the late 20thcentury, yeshivot were attended by males only. Many ModernOrthodox yeshivot have opened since then for girls and women. A yeshivagedola ("senior/great yeshiva") is a post-secondary institution, whereasa yeshiva ketana("junior/small yeshiva") is an elementary school or highschool.A kollel is a yeshiva with a framework for independent study andproviding stipends for male married students.Yisrael GaliliYisrael Galili (born YisraelBerchenko on February 10,1911, died February 8,1986) was anIsraeli politician, government minister and member of Knesset. Before Israel'sindependence in 1948, he had served as Chief of Staff of the Haganah.Yisrael YeshayahuIsrael Yeshayahu was born in Sada,Yemen, on May 2, 1911. His father was Ya’ish (Yeshayahu) and his motherSham’a (Shoshana), daughter of Yihia Haddad. Between the years 1932 –1934 he served as the Secretary General of the “Ezrat Achim” (Assistance to