The Ashkenazi Revolution

302Canaanite/ CanaanismCanaanism was a cultural andideological movement founded in 1939 that reached its peak in the 1940’samong the Jews of Palestine. It has significantly impacted the course of Israeliart, literature, and spiritual and political thought. Its adherents werecalled Canaanites. The movement's original name was the Council for theCoalition of Hebrew Youth; "Canaanism" was originally a pejorative term. Itgrew out of Revisionist Zionism and had "its early roots in European extremeright-wing movements, notably Italian fascism." Most of its members werepart of the Irgun or Lehi. The movement never had more than around twodozen registered members, but most of these were influential intellectualsand artists, giving the movement an influence far beyond its size. TheCanaanites believed that much of the Middle East had been a Hebrewspeakingcivilization in antiquity. They hoped to revive this civilization,creating a "Hebrew" nation, disconnected from the Jewish past, which wouldembrace the Middle East's Arab population as well.ChederA Cheder (alternatively, Cheider,meaning "room") is a traditional elementary school teaching the basicsof Judaism and the Hebrew language.ChouraquiNathan André Chouraqui (August11,1917 – July 9,2007) was a French lawyer, writer, scholar and politician.Chouraqui was born in Aïn Témouchent, Algeria. His parents, Isaac Chouraquiand Meleha Meyer, both descended from Spanish Jewish families who, asearly as the 16th century, contributed to North African Judaism, producingjudges, theologists, rabbis and poets as well as scientists. From 1935 hestudied Law and Rabbinical Studies in Paris. He was active in the FrenchResistance in the Maquis of Central France (1942-1945). A lawyer, and laterjudge in the district of the Algiers Court of Appeal (1945-1947), Chouraquibecame a Doctor of Law in 1948 (University of Paris).David Ben-Gurion(born David Grüen; October16,1886 – December 1,1973) was the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Gurion'spassion for Zionism, which began early in life, led him to become a majorZionist leader and Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization in 1946. Ashead of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and later president of the Jewish AgencyExecutive, he became the de facto leader of the Jewish community inPalestine, and largely led the struggle for an independent Jewish state inPalestine. In 1948, he formally proclaimed the establishment of the State