Structural Concrete - Hassoun

Contents
ix
11.13 Design of Columns under Eccentric Loading 391
11.14 Biaxial Bending 397
11.15 Circular Columns with Uniform Reinforcement under Biaxial
Bending 399
11.16 Square and Rectangular Columns under Biaxial Bending 402
11.17 Parme Load Contour Method 403
11.18 Equation of Failure Surface 408
11.19 SI Example 411
Summary 413
References 415
Problems 415
12 Slender Columns 420
12.1 Introduction 420
12.2 Effective Column Length (Kl u ) 421
12.3 Effective Length Factor (K) 422
12.4 Member Stiffness (EI) 425
12.5 Limitation of the Slenderness Ratio (Kl u ∕r) 427
12.6 Moment-Magnifier Design Method 428
Summary 438
References 440
Problems 441
13 Footings 443
13.1 Introduction 443
13.2 Types of Footings 445
13.3 Distribution of Soil Pressure 448
13.4 Design Considerations 449
13.5 Plain Concrete Footings 459
13.6 Combined Footings 472
13.7 Footings under Eccentric Column Loads 478
13.8 Footings under Biaxial Moment 479
13.9 Slabs on Ground 483
13.10 Footings on Piles 483
13.11 SI Equations 484
Summary 484
References 487
Problems 487
14 Retaining Walls 490
14.1 Introduction 490
14.2 Types of Retaining Walls 490
14.3 Forces on Retaining Walls 492
14.4 Active and Passive Soil Pressures 493
14.5 Effect of Surcharge 497
14.6 Friction on the Retaining Wall Base 499
14.7 Stability against Overturning 499
14.8 Proportions of Retaining Walls 500