24.02.2017 Views

Structural Concrete - Hassoun

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

References 253<br />

2. Maximum crack width is<br />

√<br />

3<br />

W = 0.076βf s Adc × 10 −6 (in.)<br />

Approximate values for β, f s ,andd c are β = 1.2 for beams and β = 1.35 for slabs, d c = 2.5 in.,<br />

and f s = (2/3) f y .<br />

3. The limiting crack width is 0.016 in. for interior members and 0.013 in. for exterior members.<br />

Section 6.7<br />

The maximum spacing s of bars closest to a concrete surface in tension is limited to<br />

s = 600 − 2.5C<br />

f c<br />

s<br />

but not more than 12(40/f s ). Note that f s may be taken as 2/3 f y .<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. W-W. Yu and G. Winter. “Instantaneous and Longtime Deflections of Reinforced <strong>Concrete</strong> Beams under<br />

Working Loads.” ACI Journal 57 (July 1960).<br />

2. M. N. <strong>Hassoun</strong>. “Evaluation of Flexural Cracks in Reinforced <strong>Concrete</strong> Beams.” Journal of Engineering<br />

Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1975). College of Engineering, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<br />

3. D. W. Branson. “Instantaneous and Time-Dependent Deflections of Simply and Continuous Reinforced<br />

<strong>Concrete</strong> Beams, Part 1.” Alabama Highway Research Report no. 7, August 1989.<br />

4. ACI Committee 435. “Allowable Deflections.” ACI Journal 65 (June 1968 and reapproved).<br />

5. ACI Committee 435. “Deflections of Continuous Beams.” ACI Journal 70 (December 1973 and 1989).<br />

6. ACI Committee 435. “Variability of Deflections of Simply Supported Reinforced <strong>Concrete</strong> Beams.” ACI<br />

Journal 69 (January 1972).<br />

7. D. E. Branson. Deformation of <strong>Concrete</strong> Structures. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977.<br />

8. American <strong>Concrete</strong> Institute (ACI). Causes, Mechanism and Control of Cracking in <strong>Concrete</strong>. ACI Publication<br />

SP-20. ACI, Detroit, MI, 1968.<br />

9. R. Salinger. “High Grade Steel in Reinforced <strong>Concrete</strong>.” In Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of International<br />

Association for Bridge and <strong>Structural</strong> Engineering. Berlin-Munich, 1936.<br />

10. K. Billing. <strong>Structural</strong> <strong>Concrete</strong>. St. Martins Press, New York, 1960.<br />

11. P. E. Halstead. “The Chemical and Physical Effects of Aggressive Substances on <strong>Concrete</strong>.” <strong>Structural</strong><br />

Engineer 40 (1961).<br />

12. R. E. Stratfull. “The Corrosion of Steel in a Reinforced <strong>Concrete</strong> Bridge.” Corrosion 13, no. 3 (March<br />

1957).<br />

13. C. L. Shermer. “Corroded Reinforcement Destroys <strong>Concrete</strong> Beams.” Civil Engineering 26 (December<br />

1956).<br />

14. V. R. Evans. An Introduction to Metallic Corrosion. Edward Arnold, London, 1948.<br />

15. J. D. Mozer, A. Bianchini, and C. Kesler. “Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in <strong>Concrete</strong>.” Report No.<br />

259. University of Illinois, Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, April 1964.<br />

16. M. Chi and A. F. Kirstein. “Flexural Cracks in Reinforced <strong>Concrete</strong> Beams.” ACI Journal 54 (April 1958).<br />

17. R. C. Mathy and D. Watstein. “Effect of Tensile Properties of Reinforcement on the Flexural Characteristics<br />

of Beams.” ACI Journal 56 (June 1960).<br />

18. F. Levi. “Work of European <strong>Concrete</strong> Committee.” ACI Journal 57 (March 1961).<br />

19. E. Hognestad. “High-Strength Bars as <strong>Concrete</strong> Reinforcement.” Journal of the Portland Cement Association,<br />

Development Bulletin 3, no. 3 (September 1961).

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!