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Structural Concrete - Hassoun

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16.6 Design of Frame Hinges 567<br />

Figure 16.12<br />

(a) Vierendeel girder and (b) statically indeterminate frames.<br />

16.6.1 Mesnager Hinge<br />

The forces that usually act on a hinge are a horizontal force, H, and a vertical force, P. The resultant<br />

of the two forces, R, is transferred to the footing through the crossing bars A and B shown in<br />

Fig. 16.14. The inclination of bars A and B to the horizontal varies between 30 ∘ and 60 ∘ , with a<br />

minimum distance a, measured from the lower end of the frame column, equal to 8D, whereD is<br />

the diameter of the inclined bars. The gap between the frame column and the top of the footing<br />

y varies between 1 in. and 1.3h ′ ,whereh ′ is the width of the concrete section at the hinge level.<br />

A practical gap height ranges between 2 and 4 in. The rotation of the frame ends is taken by the<br />

hinges, and the gap is usually filled with bituminous cork or similar flexible material. The bitumen<br />

protects the cork in contact with the soil from deterioration. The crossing bars A and B are subjected

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