Structural Concrete - Hassoun

4.3 Spacing of Reinforcement and Concrete Cover 159
Figure 4.2 Example 4.1.
no. 8 bars in one row is 8.9 in. < 12 in., and total h = 24.2 + 3.5 = 27.7 in., say, 28 in. (actual d = 24.6 in.).
Another choice is a section with a 14 × 22.4-in. section with a total depth (h) of 25 in. and five no. 9
bars in one row. The choice of bars depends on:
1. Adequate placement of bars in the section, normally in one or two rows, fulfilling the restrictions
of the ACI Code for minimum spacing between bars.
2. The area of steel bars chosen closest to the required calculated steel area.
The final section is shown in Fig. 4.2.
Example 4.2
Design a simply reinforced rectangular section with ρ of about 1%. Given: f c ′ = 3ksi and f y = 60 ksi.
Solution
1. For f c ′ = 3ksi and f y = 60 ksi, ρ max = 0.01356.
Since ρ