United States yearbook - 1982 (1)

2 0 4 Geography and Environment
No. 346. N ational Ambient Water Quality in Rivers and St r e a m s— V iolation Ra t e:
1 9 7 5 to 1 9 8 0
[In percent. Violation level based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality criteria. Violation rate represents the
proportion of aII measurements of a s p e c ific w a te r q u a lify p o llu ta n t w h ic h e x c e e d s th e "v io la tio n le v e l” fo r th a t p o llu ta n t.
^Violation" does not necessarily imply a legal violation. Data based on U.S. Geological Survey's National Stream Quality
Accounting Network (NASQAN) data system; for details, see source. Years refer to water years. A water year begins in Oct. and
ends In Sept, pg =» micrograms, mg-milligrams. For metric conversions, see p. xii]
POLLUTANT VIOLATION LEVEL 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
36 32 35
5 6 11 5 5
47 47 48
‘ 42 '3 8 *27
*17 M 2 ‘ 6 7
‘Value shown may be higher than the true violation level because of the detection limits of measuring equipment.
Source: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality, E n v iron m e n ta l Q u a lity, I960, and unpublished data.
No. 3 4 7 . P o p u l a t i o n S e r v e d b y S e w e r S y s t e m s , b y D e g r e e o f T r e a t m e n t : I 9 6 0 t o 1 9 8 0
[In millions, except percent. 1960 and 1970 not strlotly comparable with later years]
ITEM 1960 1970 1978 I960 ITEM 1960 1970 1978 1980
U.S, population..................
Not solved by sewers............
Percent of population..........
Served by sewers...................
Not treated..........................
Treated...............................
180 203 220 224 Degree of treatment:
70
39
110
70
40
58
29
145
59
86
66
30
154
2
152
65
29
159
2
167
Primary..............................
Advanced primary...............
Seconder..........................
Advanced secondary..........
Tertiary......... ....................
| 36
) •
(NA)
(NA)
( 21
1 28
f 56
31
I 18
1 41
63
48
‘ 5
NA Not available. ‘ Decrease in 1660 due to some tertiary plants being downgraded Into other classifications of treatment.
Source: 1960 and 1 9 7 0 , U .S . Dept, of Commerce, “Market for W a te r e n d W a s te W a te r T re a tm e n t E q u ip m e n t," J o o m a t, W a te r
P o llu tio n C o n tro l F e d e ra tio n , April 1979; 1978 and 1900 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, N e e d s S u rv e y , C o n v e y a n c e e n d
T re a tm e n t o f M u n ic ip a l W a s te w a te r, S u m m a rie s o f T e c h n ic a l D a ta , biennial.
No. 348. Polluting Discharges Repo rted in U.S. W aters: 1972 t o 1980
ITEM
Incidents
Gallons
(1,000)
ITEM
Incidents
Gallons
(1,000)
it e m
Incidents
Gallons
(1,000)
1972, discharges............. 9,931
1973, discharges............. 13,326
1974, discharges............. 13,966
1975, discharges............. 12,057
1976, discharges............. 12,655
1977, discharges............. 12,844
1978, discharges............. 14,495
1979, discharges............ 13,134
1980, discharges....... 11,155
3,370
Tankship...................... 594
Tank barge.................. 9 09
1,067
18,806
24,315
16,916
14,967
33,852
19,900
17,257
13,661
15,093
6,326
1,526
4,505
295
1980—Con.
Nonlransport facilities....
Onshore.....................
Offshore....................
Other..........................
Pipeline..........................
Marine facilities..............
Onshore/offshore.......
Land vehicles................
Land facilities................
Other or unknown_____
1,694
126
659
1,107
553
656
506
411
155
4,116
3,385
121
120
3,144
3,026
1,183
1,154
432
132
609
1980—Con.
Type of pollutant:
Crude oil..............
Diesel oil.............
Other oil..............
OUier or unknown.
Location:
Atlantic Coast
Gulf Coast.....
Pacific Coast..
Great Lakes...
In la n d ............
1,876
2,260
2,821
1,961
2,578
2,709
1,590
552
3 ,7 0 5
4,774
1,447
2,843
4,922
5,601
1,028
1,259
531
6 ,6 5 7
Source: U.S. Coast Guard, P o llu tin g In c id e n ts In a n d A ro u n d U .S . W a te rs , 1980.
No. 349. National Ambient Air Pollutant Concentrations: 1974 to 1980
[Data represent annual composite averages of pollutant based on daily 24-hour averages of monitoring stations. ug/M3=
micrograms of pollutant per cubic meter of air; mg/M 3=milligrams of pollutant per cubic meter of air]
POLLUTANT
Unit
Monitoring
stations,
number
Annual
standard
1974 1975 1 976 1977 1978 1979 1 9 8 0
Carbon monoxide........................................ mg/M8...........
Photochemical oxidants2.............................. pg/M3..........
Total suspended particulates.......................
Nitrogen dioxide..........................................
pg/M3..........
pg/M3..........
91
122
1,925
338
INDEX
Carbon monoxide........................................ f 91 W 100 97 91 81 77 70 67
Photochemical oxidants2............................. 122 H 100 100 102 99 99 90 91
Sulfur dioxide.............................................. 1974 = 100... 84 80 100 93 89 86 61 80 76
Total suspended particulates....................... 1,925 75 100 97 98 98 96 97 100
Nitrogen dioxide.......................................... I 338 100 100 97 100 104 i n 113 106
o
o
15.1
.151
40.7
61
43.8
14.7
.151
38.0
69
42.5
13.8
.154
36.4
60
43.9
12.2
.149
34.9
60
45.4
1Based on 8-hour standard of 10 mg/M3. *0zone. 3Based on 1-hour standard of 12 parts per million.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1 9 8 0 A m b ie n t A s s e s s m e n t—A ir P o rtio n ,
75
100
11.7
.149
32.9
60
48.8
10.6
.136
32.4
59
49.3
10.1
.138
30,8
61
46.3