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REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ-RIVISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZET; 6 Turkish Probe December 2, 1993 economy to electricity, television to daily foodstuffs, Iraqi Kurdistan depends more and more on Turkey, and the Kurdish leaders are therefore worried about what is going on in Ankara. They have too many internal problems but are aware that as long as Turkey cannot solve her own problems, they are bound to share the Turkish burden as well. Thus, it can also be observed that both Talabani and Barzani express their concerns openly now, even to the extent of criticising Turkish policy which, they say, is leading to a growing regional crisis by strengthening the PKK. Turlcish Policy: In order to improve their own ailing economy and to survive, if need be, without Baghdad, the Iraqi Kurds need Turkey but a Turkey which will not bring them further problems. Thus, despite their ethnic sympathies for the Turkish- Kurdish people, and even their "understanding" of the position of the PKK, they are against this organization. Both the PUK and KDP accept that its terrorist methods cannot be approved of. What angers their leaders is that the PKK has come to a level which it does not deserve to be at. Talabani says without any reservation that he condemns terrorism in all forms and cannot accept any activity directed at innocent civilians. "Everyone knows that we have always criticized the killing of women and children in the villages, the burning of villages, the destroying of villages and houses," he says. According to this leader, "the PKK is claiming to be a Marxist-Leninist organization, but in fact it is a nationalist organization ... not well experienced. Most of their leaders are immature, and some of them are extremists" As for Barzani, his criticism of the PKK appears to be stronger. "Our party and our government are totally against PKK terrorism," he says, noting also that this organization has extensive support from Baghdad, Iran, Syria and Armenia. Despite their differences in criticising the PKK, though, both leaders agree that Turkey can only solve its problem with the Kurds through peaceful dialogue with legitimate representatives -- which can only be achieved by allowing political alternatives to the PKK on the legal platform. Talabani here, is strong in his criticism. According to him, "the Turkish hard-liners are the best friends of the Kurdish hard-liners: .. They are helping each other very much; they are exchanging assistance by encouraging people to go to either side. Turkish hard-liners are always strengthening the PKK. Look at the PKK and you will see it is stronger than last year. This is because of the acts of the Turkish hard-liners." "The best solution is to give rights through peaceful and democratic means. To try to end it with military methods is not a solution. Just the opposite -- it helps the PKK. But to seek a solution through peace and democracy along with military measures is also good," is what Barzani says. Their mutual belief is that the main reason behind the strengthening of the PKK, is the lack of a political or peaceful solution to the problems of the Kurds in Turkey. "And the PKK is using this, using the nationalist feelings of Kurds to show that it is the defender and protector of .Kurdish rights and demands," Talabani concludes. Neither believe in claims from senior officials in Ankara that the PKK problem can be overcome this year or the next with the current policies, and both reflect their peoples' criticism as well, of hardline policies which are inflicting harm on Kurdish civilians in the Southeast. Barzani's remark that "the Kurds cannot be liquidated through war. Nowhere, neither in Iraq, nor in Iran, or Turkey, an~ that the Kurds cannot achieve anything through terrorist methods," seems to sum up their views. Working on a Solution: Aware one way or another that the PKK is a mutual problem, the Iraqi Kurds are now working on a solution in their own way. Part of this is based on strengthening their presence along the border area. Although he does not say it openly, Barzani implies that an operation in Zaleh is also imminent. The Kurds may actually get rid of the PKK there -- which would only mean that the separatists will use Iran instead. There are about 50 fixed border stations in the border zone with Turkey, and these are run jointly by PUK and peshmerges. But the Kurdish complaint is that their army, some 4,000 men, is not enough to control everywhere. They even argue now that if there is infiltration, this is from Turkey into Iraqi Kurdistan and not vice versa. In other words, if Turkey cannot secure its own border with 180 thousand men, how can the Kurds, with their own problems, do it with only 4,000? Still, it appears that under the current circumstances they are doing their best and whatever differences may be sensed in their approach to the PKK, both the PUK and KDP want to get rid of this problem. Barzani has lost all hope of forcing the PKK to pull its act together and has suffered more than anyone else from this organization's activities. AlwAYS,during cross border incursions by Turkey, his territory was the target. And always he has been a primary target for the PKK. Only last week, the regional Kurdistan govemment issued a strongly worded condemnation of the PKK, after militants of this organization attacked a peshmerge base in Basiya village in Argush district and killed three Iraqi Kurds and took 12 others as prisoners. Kurdish public opinion is also heavily against the PKK, but alwàys with a touch of sympathy, owing mainly to Turkey's military based policies put into affect in the Southeast. With or without Ankara's press blackout, and the auto-control of the Istanbul press, ttie Kurds in the region know what is going on and often, during conversations, draw similarities to what happened in Iraq as well. The most commonly heard remark in that part of the region is: "Look, see what Baghdad did to us and see the result.... In this way, despite their strong feelings against the PKK, many Kurdish officials are approaching the issue in a cautious way. Thus, they also fear that persistent Turkish operations on northern Iraq will weaken their hand even further, especially when damage is done to civilians and/or civilian settlements. The Kurds, hate the "carrot and stick treatment," it it can be called that. And they do not believe that civilian losses in such operations are the result of mistakes. The general belief is that these aim at taming them and the warning is that such policies have always backfired. Northern Iraq needs Turkey to survive and it needs Turkey more than ever. What the Kurds ask now is more understanding from Ankara, better cooperation in the fields of economy and security, and a breath. The concern is that any preemptive move by Turkey would line tbe people behind the PKK and make it even more difficult for this organization to be tackled with. And indications are strong that soon, in the coming days, the Kurds themselves will be taking dramatic action against this organization. For they do not want Operation North Iraq, once again... _ 19
REVUE DE PRESSE-PRESS REVIEW-BERHEVOKA ÇAPÊ~RNISTA STAMPA-DENTRO DE lA PRENSA-BASIN ÖZETi Turkish Probe December 2, 1993 17 The Week in Perspective NOY 23 U.N. Secretary-General Boutros • Boutros-Ghali announces his plans to resume intensive contacts aimed at building confidence between the two Cypriot communities after the Turkish Cypriot elections scheduled for Dec. 12. In a written report to the Security Council, he also recommends a further six-month renewal of the 1,200-member U.N. Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) when its current mandate expires on Dec.15. NOY 24 The PKK attacked an Iraqi Kurdish • base in northern Iraq, killing three people and capturing 12 others, an Iraqi Kurdish envoy to Ankara says. About 150 Turkish Kurds on Nov. 18 attacked the base at Baziyah village in EIgush district, less than 5 kilometers (3 miles) from the Turkish border, says envoy Safeen Dizayee. NOY 25 Greek Energy and Trade Minister • Costas Simitis says Athens disapproves of a project aiming to create an electricity network between Europe and Turkey. ,Simitis adds his government does not wish to see the network link and will not endorse a project that will connect Turkish 'and Italian electricity networks via Greek territory. NOY 26 German authorities outlaw the PKK • in Germany. Bonn's decision is immediately followed by raids on homes and businesses belonging to the organization. PKK assets are seized and its subsidiary organizations are banned in the raids which come as a concentrated effort to stop attacks on Turkish establishments in Europe. • Pro-Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP) Mus Deputy Muzaffer Demir files a complaint against a Kurdish tribal leader from the Southeast region who has spoken Kurdish -- despite an official ban on it -- on a TV program aired on state TV. NOY 27 In Cologne, several thousand • Kurds take part in a rally marking the 15th anniversary of the founding of the PKK. Speakers call on Germany to lift the ban imposed on Friday, three weeks after spectacular attacks on Turkish offices across Germany and Western Europe blamed on the PKK. Other Kurdish protests are held in Stuttgart, Mannheim and Leverkusen against the ban. NOY 28 An opinion poll conducted by the • TDNamong 298 deputies in the 450-seat Parliament reveals that 77.18 percent of those polled do not believe votes will represent free will in the local elections of March 1994 and that 74.83 percent demand elections be held in March 1994 as previously announced. • Prime Minister Tansu Çiller reshuffles her Cabinet, changing five ministers of her own True Path Party (DYP). She replaces Rlfat SerdaroQlu with Kazlm Dinç as health minister and names four new ministers of state, Ali $evki Erek, Mehmet Ali Yilmaz, Abdülbaki Ataç and Nurhan Tekinel. They replace Mehmet GazioQlu, Güne~ MüftüoQlu, Mustafa ÇiloQlu and Ahmet $anal. • Turkish troops shell suspected PKK bases on Mount Ararat. Security forces, meanwhile, kill nine PKK insurgents in clashes in Diyarbakir. • Greek Foreign Ministry official, Theodoros Pangalos, accuses Germany, England and Turkey of forming a joint ,policy for the Balkans describing it as contrary to European Union solidarity. • Heavy snowfall blankets much of eastern Turkey, cutting off more than 3,000 villages. Roads are clogged with deep snow and flights from the eastern city of Van are canceled. NOY 29 Prime Minister Tansu Çiller unveils a • tax package that will cut rates for low-income workers and impose a luxury tax on jewelry, furs and other items. • Parliament Speaker Hüsamettin Cindoruk leaves for Ukraine saying he will alert Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) nations of a possible PKK infiltration into these countries following the banning of the organization in Europe. NOY 30 Turkish warplanes have carried out a • five-hour strike on nine separate 'targets in northern Iraq, Prime Minister Tansu Çiller discloses. Çilrer says the targets of the air raids were PKK camps and that no civilians were harmed. Iraqi Kurdish officials claim that the attacks targeted two villages and left three civilians killed and six children wounded. ' • France bans two Kurdish groups, widening its crackdown in which activists have been charged with terrorist activity in a separatist campaign against Turkey. • Turkish and Iranian security officials begin talks in Ankara on securing their border against drugs, arms smugglers and PKK terrorists. • The PK-Korders the closure of all "educational institutions" in the Southeast, warning that it would place "violators of the ban" among its targets. • An Istanbul court orders the release of six Manchester United soccer fans who had been jailed for nearly a month on charges of ransacking a hotel. 20
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