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Assistance. Tokyo: uhikaku Publishing Co., Ltd. Akiyama, Takamasa, , Suzanne Akiyama and Naonobu, Minato (2003). Interna� onal Development Assistance: Evolu� on and Prospects. Tokyo: Founda� on for Advanced Studies on Interna� onal Development. Bauer P.T. (1970). Foreign aid: An Instrument for Progress? In: Barbara Ward’s Essays: Two Views on Aid to Developing Countries. (Fourth Impression). The Ins� tute of Economic Aff airs. London: University of London. Chombard de Lauwe (1981).The Sharing of Knowledge and Rela� onship of Dominance. In: Ribes et al. (eds.) Domina� on or Sharing? : endogenous development and the transfer of knowledge. Paris: Unesco Press. Pp. 58-63. Clarke, R. F. (1996). What is Development Management? In Search of Some Parameters. IDPM, Development Series- 45. Ins� tute of Development Policy and Management. University of Manchester. Coase, Roland H. (1937) The Nature of Firm, Economica, Vol. 4 (16):386-405. Collier, Paul (1998). Social Capital and Poverty, World Bank Working Paper No. 4, Washington, D.C: World Bank. Dasgupta, Partha (1993). An Inquiry into Well-Being and Des� tu� on. Clarendon Press. Oxford, New York. Dhakal, Narayan. and Ueta, Kazuhiro. (2007). Endogenous Vs Exogenous Development: Quest for survival of Donor Harmoniza� on, Readings on Governance and Development, Vol. IX. July/Aug. 2007. Dhakal, Narayan. (2009). Role of Donor Harmoniza� on in Aid Management Reform: CAMAD: A Journal of Public Administra� on, Management and Development, Vol. 11(2) Oct. 2009 (in Nepali). Dhakal, Narayan. (2010). Reform in Foreign Aid Management in Nepal. In: Bha� arai, S. K. (ed.) Interna� onal Rela� ons and Foreign Aff airs. Kathmandu: Sopan. DIIS (2011). Final Report of the Evalua� on of the Paris Declara� on, Phase-II. Copenhagen: Danish Ins� tute for Interna� onal Studies. Dos Santos, Theotonio (1970) The Structure of Dependence. American Economic Review. Vol. 40(2): 231-36. Elkan, Walter (1995). An Introduc� on to Development Economics. Pren� ce Hall. Harvester London: Wheatsheaf. FPW/FNDI (2006). Okiciyab: Promo� ng Best Prac� ces in Indigenous Community Development. Frederickburg: First Project Worldwide (FPW) of the First Na� ons Development Ins� tute (FNDI). Ferraro, Vincent (1996).Dependency Theory: An Introduc� on. Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA Online: h� p://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ depend.htm. (29 August 2006). Galtung, Johan (1979). Development, environment and technology: Towards a technology for self-reliance. New York: United Na� ons Organiza� on. Greff e, Xavier, M. Aubry and J. Lallement (1981). The condi� ons for the interna� onal transfer of economic knowledge. In: Ribes et al. (eds.) Domina� on or Sharing? : endogenous development and the transfer of knowledge. Paris: Unesco Press. Pp. 145-205. Gunn, Susan Elizabeth (1990). Development in a Nomadic Soceity: A Study of Indigenous and Exogenous Change in Northern Somalia. A Doctoral thesis submi� ed to the University of Colorado at Boulder. U.M.I. Michigan. Gutelman, Michael (1981).The Socio Poli� cal Condi� ons. In: Ribes et al. (eds.) Domina� on or Sharing? : endogenous development and the transfer of knowledge. Paris: Unesco Press. Pp. 32-40. Hainsworth, Geoff rey B (1999). The Frustra� on of Persistent Poverty: Situa� onal Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal 63
Challenges and Limits to Choice Facing Low-Income Rural Families in Viet Nam. In: Geoff rey B. Hainsworth (ed.) Localized Poverty Reduc� on in Viet Nam: Improving the Enabling Environment for Livelihood Enhancement in Rural Areas. Vancouver: University of Bri� sh Columbia, Pp 1-57 Hayami, Yujiro (2001) Development Economics: From the Poverty to the Wealth of Na� ons, Oxford University Press (cited in Akiyama et al., 2003). He� ne, Björn (1984). Development Theory and the Third World. Publica� ons of Swedish Agency for Research Coopera� on with Developing Countries Jones, Andrew (2006). Dic� onary of Globaliza� on. Cambridge: Polity Press. Jun, Nishikawa (2005). Human Beings and Development: Toward a World where Every Life can Live Together-The Way of Endogenous Development. Working Paper No. 21. Tokyo: Waseda University. Kautsky, John H. (1972). The Poli� cal Consequences of Moderniza� on. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Levy, Marion J. Jr. (1966). Moderniza� on and the Structure of Socie� es: A Se� ng for Interna� onal Aff airs. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Lucas Robert (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development. Journal of Monetary Economics. 22 (July): 5. McSwite, O.C. (1997). Legi� macy in Public Administra� on: A Discourse Analysis. Thousand Oaks, London, etc.: Sage Publica� ons. Meier, Gerald M. and Robert E. Baldwin (1957). Economic Development: Theory, History, Policy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Meier, Gerald M. and James E. Rauch (2000) Leading Issues in Economic Development. New York: Oxford University Press. MOF (2008). Survey on Monitoring the Implementa� on of the Paris Declara� on, Phase II, Nepal Country Report, Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance. MOF(2010). Joint Evalua� on of the Implementa� on of the Paris Declara� on, Phase II, Nepal Country Report, Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance. Montgomery, R.D. (1995). Disciplining or Protec� ng the Poor? Avoiding the social costs of peer pressure in solidarity group micro-credit schemes, Working Paper cited in Saifullah (2001). Myrdal, Gunnar (1970) The challenge of world poverty : a world an� -poverty program in outline. New York: Pantheon Books. Njoh, Ambe J. (1999). Urban Planning, Housing and Spa� al Structures in Sub-Saharan Africa: Nature, impact and development implica� ons of exogenous forces. Ashgate, Aldershot, Brookfi eld USA, Singapore etc. North, Douglass C. (1990) Ins� tu� ons, Ins� tu� onal Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge University Press. Olson, Mancur (1965). The Logic of Collec� ve Ac� on, Harvard University Press Ostrom, Elinor, Clark, Gibson, Sujai, Shiva Kumar and Krister Andersson. (2002). Aid, Incen� ves, and Sustainability. Stockholm: Swedish Interna� onal Development Coopera� on Agency. Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi and Raff ella Y. Nane� . (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradi� ons in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. _____ (1995a). Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital. Journal of Democracy, 6 (1): 65–78. _____ (1995b) Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America. Poli� cal Science and Poli� cs, XXVIII 664–683. Putnam, Robert. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster. Ribes, Bruno et al., (1981). Domina� on or Sharing? : endogenous development and the transfer of knowledge. Paris: Unesco Press. 64 Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal
Page 2:
Changing Paradigms Of Aid Effective
Page 5 and 6:
Changing Paradigms of Aid Eff ec�
Page 8 and 9:
Acknowledgement Six decades of ‘p
Page 10 and 11:
Acronyms: AAA Accra Agenda for Ac
Page 12:
ODA Offi cial Development Assistanc
Page 16 and 17:
Introduc� on: Effectiveness of Fo
Page 18 and 19:
Buoyancy of revenue coincides with
Page 20 and 21:
the en� re prospects for economic
Page 22 and 23:
(NAP) on Aid Eff ec� veness both
Page 24 and 25:
the IMF or the World Bank as these
Page 26 and 27:
uilding na� onal capacity and par
Page 28 and 29:
Tradi� onal global governance as
Page 30 and 31:
ut their impact has been mixed. Com
Page 32 and 33:
irregular unskilled daily wage labo
Page 34 and 35:
cul� vators who live in complex,
Page 36:
freedom and social jus� ce, imper
Page 39 and 40:
divided by fi ve. It is done becaus
Page 41 and 42:
Table 1.2 Foreign Aid in the Budget
Page 43 and 44:
more than three-fi � h in the LIC
Page 45 and 46:
Table 1.3: Foreign Aid and the Exte
Page 47 and 48:
An intriguing fact about the whole
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. Foreign Aid and the Na�
Page 51 and 52: 14 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 100 90 80 70
Page 53 and 54: can absorb a far higher level of de
Page 55 and 56: sources of foreign exchange earning
Page 57 and 58: to increase the magnitude of GNI fr
Page 59 and 60: Table 2.1 : An Interna� onal Comp
Page 61 and 62: is rela� vely higher in Nepal as
Page 63 and 64: accompanied by poor supervision of
Page 65 and 66: conspicuously discouraged investmen
Page 67 and 68: and, therefore, it is impera� ve
Page 69 and 70: (2) How to more eff ec� vely inte
Page 71 and 72: 34 and reduce growing extent of tra
Page 73 and 74: the process of industrial developme
Page 75 and 76: Appendix 2: Quan� ta� ve Target
Page 77 and 78: OAD/Nepal (2010). Report of the Off
Page 79 and 80: focusing on conserving and expandin
Page 81 and 82: 1998, the total disbursement from a
Page 83 and 84: Figure 3: Offi cial Aid 1990-2009 4
Page 85 and 86: poverty. In case of Nepal, access t
Page 87 and 88: 4 Challenge of Managing Aid in Evol
Page 89 and 90: theories themselves remain vague an
Page 91 and 92: thought no earlier development theo
Page 93 and 94: ‘Social Capital’ approach of de
Page 95 and 96: inging all the donors working in Ne
Page 97 and 98: sustainable and self-reliant develo
Page 99: community. This is where eff ec�
Page 103 and 104: 5 Foreign Aid Politics in Developin
Page 105 and 106: targets, some donors will therefore
Page 107 and 108: avoided. This adds another nuance t
Page 109 and 110: ut the interna� onal community mu
Page 111 and 112: 6 A bo� om up aid eff ec� venes
Page 113 and 114: with the overall purpose of se� n
Page 115 and 116: deepening public par� cipa� on
Page 117 and 118: off er a minimum denominator for sh
Page 119 and 120: the actual implementa� on of deve
Page 121 and 122: “� mely, accurate and accessibl
Page 123 and 124: Minimum standards for crea� on of
Page 125 and 126: Nepal Is obviously in a good posi
Page 127 and 128: Ac� on (AAA). All development act
Page 129 and 130: presented drawing heavily from the
Page 131 and 132: Confi dence in Nepal’s procuremen
Page 133 and 134: 8 Aid Eff ec� veness and Gender R
Page 135 and 136: used in planning and managing gener
Page 137 and 138: excluded groups (b) examining the g
Page 139 and 140: 9 Governing Emissions Reduc� on:
Page 141 and 142: organisa� ons to ins� tu� ona
Page 143 and 144: and increasing GHG sinks (i.e. fore
Page 145 and 146: “which necessarily engenders an u
Page 147 and 148: Table 5.2 Breakdown of UNFCCC REDD+
Page 149 and 150: Quan� ta� ve survey results Tab
Page 151 and 152:
10 Green governance: Development ai
Page 153 and 154:
fi nancial support in the forestry
Page 155 and 156:
The Table shows that community fore
Page 157 and 158:
Livelihood assets off ered by CFUGs
Page 159 and 160:
11 Foreign aid and Educa� on in N
Page 161 and 162:
countries to the poor ones help to
Page 163 and 164:
ilateral ODA from DAC members, comp
Page 165 and 166:
in terms of foreign aid infl ow is
Page 167 and 168:
Table 7.1: Public investment in edu
Page 169 and 170:
agencies in Nepal’s educa� on s
Page 171 and 172:
ecipient in giving and taking forei
Page 173 and 174:
who can be manipulated by any shrew
Page 175 and 176:
12 Does Food Assistance matter? The
Page 177 and 178:
These en� tlements are embedded i
Page 179 and 180:
them to climb out of chronic povert
Page 181 and 182:
assistance. While the bulk of food
Page 183 and 184:
classifi ed as being capable of mai
Page 185 and 186:
seasonal migra� on of men to Indi
Page 187 and 188:
Insurance-eff ects The study reveal
Page 189 and 190:
commodity prices, therefore decreas
Page 191 and 192:
poverty, but yet not helping them t
Page 193 and 194:
156 a situa� on, where people can
Page 195 and 196:
In: Progress in Human Geography 17
Page 197 and 198:
Figure 1: FAO Food Price Index (200
Page 199 and 200:
Figure 3: Retail price of wheat and
Page 201 and 202:
Way forward: Tackling rising food p
Page 203 and 204:
14 Food Insecurity in Nepal: A Pove
Page 205 and 206:
secure access to suffi cient amount
Page 207 and 208:
the distribu� on of this valuable
Page 209 and 210:
structural features, but the domina
Page 211 and 212:
top-down Geneva- and Paris-based mo
Page 213 and 214:
subsequent disbursements spread ove
Page 215 and 216:
is impossible, as pointed out in th
Page 217 and 218:
eason why posi� ve economic and t
Page 219 and 220:
The aid for land reform, as is evid
Page 221 and 222:
ADB’s proposal to strengthen the
Page 223 and 224:
Nepali Rupees in land transac� on
Page 225:
Sincere thanks to: Birkha B Pun is
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