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governance theory. These a� ributes are arranged hierarchically to allow for
consistency of measurement. Measurement is by means of indicators, which
are aggregated under the relevant criterion, or category. These criteria are in
turn used to evaluate compliance at the principle level. A principle is a rule,
or value, that requires measurement. See Table 5.1 below.
Table 5.1: Hierarchical framework for the assessment of governance quality
Principle Criterion Indicator
“Meaningful
par� cipa� on”
“Produc� ve
delibera� on”
Source: Cadman 2011: 17
Interest representa� on
Organisa� onal responsibility
Decision making
Implementa� on
Inclusiveness
Equality
Resources
Accountability
Transparency
Democracy
Agreement
Dispute se� lement
Behavioural change
Problem solving
Durability
Par� cipants were asked to rate their percep� ons using a Likert scale
from ‘very low’ to ‘very high’ (1-5), rounded to the second decimal point,
following the indicators of Table 1 above. The scores of the relevant
indicators were added to determine performance at the criterion level. In
turn, the relevant criteria were added to determine performance at the
principle level; fi nally, the two principle scores were combined to determine
overall performance. Par� cipants were recruited from a range of publicly
available lists of representa� ves from organisa� ons ac� vely involved in
REDD+. The invita� on to par� cipate in the survey was blind carbon copied
to invita� on recipients, who were invited to disseminate the survey further.
In addi� on to the qualita� ve ra� ng scale, respondents were also invited to
provide substan� ve comments. The number and type of respondents are set
out in tables 5.2 and 5.3 below:
Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal 109