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13 Food prices, food security and aid –Chandan Sapkota The global food prices have been rising rapidly and have exceeded all levels recorded in the past. Recently, the Food and Agriculture Organiza� on’s (FAO) Food Price Index surpassed the upper bound reached during the peak of the food crisis in 2008 (see Figure 1). The World Bank says global food crisis has reached “dangerous levels”. In Nepal, the World Food Programme (WFP) argues that about 3.7 million people are at risk of food insecurity (Sapkota, 2011a) even though the government maintains that the na� on as a whole will have food surplus of about 110,000 tonnes in fi scal year 2010/11 (TKP, 2011). Sadly, the increase in output is not refl ected on rising food prices, which have reached the second highest level since 1990. 1 Yet s� ll 38 districts in Nepal are having defi cit food produc� on. 1. See ‘Update on food security in Nepal (2010-11 is surplus year) at h� p:// sapkotac. blogspot.com/2011/06/update-on-food-security-in-nepal-2010.html Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal 159
Figure 1: FAO Food Price Index (2002-2004=100) 160 2002-2004=100 FAO Food Price Index 240 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2011 210 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 180 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 150 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 120 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– J F M A M J J A S O N D Source: FAO 2011 2 2008 2. FAO Food Price Index h� p://www.fao.org/worldfoodsitua� on/wfs-home/foodpricesindex/ en/ Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal 2010 2007 2009
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Changing Paradigms Of Aid Effective
Page 5 and 6:
Changing Paradigms of Aid Eff ec�
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Acknowledgement Six decades of ‘p
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Acronyms: AAA Accra Agenda for Ac
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ODA Offi cial Development Assistanc
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Introduc� on: Effectiveness of Fo
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Buoyancy of revenue coincides with
Page 20 and 21:
the en� re prospects for economic
Page 22 and 23:
(NAP) on Aid Eff ec� veness both
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the IMF or the World Bank as these
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uilding na� onal capacity and par
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Tradi� onal global governance as
Page 30 and 31:
ut their impact has been mixed. Com
Page 32 and 33:
irregular unskilled daily wage labo
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cul� vators who live in complex,
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freedom and social jus� ce, imper
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divided by fi ve. It is done becaus
Page 41 and 42:
Table 1.2 Foreign Aid in the Budget
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more than three-fi � h in the LIC
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Table 1.3: Foreign Aid and the Exte
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An intriguing fact about the whole
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Table 3. Foreign Aid and the Na�
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14 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 100 90 80 70
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can absorb a far higher level of de
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sources of foreign exchange earning
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to increase the magnitude of GNI fr
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Table 2.1 : An Interna� onal Comp
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is rela� vely higher in Nepal as
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accompanied by poor supervision of
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conspicuously discouraged investmen
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and, therefore, it is impera� ve
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(2) How to more eff ec� vely inte
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34 and reduce growing extent of tra
Page 73 and 74:
the process of industrial developme
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Appendix 2: Quan� ta� ve Target
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OAD/Nepal (2010). Report of the Off
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focusing on conserving and expandin
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1998, the total disbursement from a
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Figure 3: Offi cial Aid 1990-2009 4
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poverty. In case of Nepal, access t
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4 Challenge of Managing Aid in Evol
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theories themselves remain vague an
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thought no earlier development theo
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‘Social Capital’ approach of de
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inging all the donors working in Ne
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sustainable and self-reliant develo
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community. This is where eff ec�
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Challenges and Limits to Choice Fac
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5 Foreign Aid Politics in Developin
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targets, some donors will therefore
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avoided. This adds another nuance t
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ut the interna� onal community mu
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6 A bo� om up aid eff ec� venes
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with the overall purpose of se� n
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deepening public par� cipa� on
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off er a minimum denominator for sh
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the actual implementa� on of deve
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“� mely, accurate and accessibl
Page 123 and 124:
Minimum standards for crea� on of
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Nepal Is obviously in a good posi
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Ac� on (AAA). All development act
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presented drawing heavily from the
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Confi dence in Nepal’s procuremen
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8 Aid Eff ec� veness and Gender R
Page 135 and 136:
used in planning and managing gener
Page 137 and 138:
excluded groups (b) examining the g
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9 Governing Emissions Reduc� on:
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organisa� ons to ins� tu� ona
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and increasing GHG sinks (i.e. fore
Page 145 and 146: “which necessarily engenders an u
Page 147 and 148: Table 5.2 Breakdown of UNFCCC REDD+
Page 149 and 150: Quan� ta� ve survey results Tab
Page 151 and 152: 10 Green governance: Development ai
Page 153 and 154: fi nancial support in the forestry
Page 155 and 156: The Table shows that community fore
Page 157 and 158: Livelihood assets off ered by CFUGs
Page 159 and 160: 11 Foreign aid and Educa� on in N
Page 161 and 162: countries to the poor ones help to
Page 163 and 164: ilateral ODA from DAC members, comp
Page 165 and 166: in terms of foreign aid infl ow is
Page 167 and 168: Table 7.1: Public investment in edu
Page 169 and 170: agencies in Nepal’s educa� on s
Page 171 and 172: ecipient in giving and taking forei
Page 173 and 174: who can be manipulated by any shrew
Page 175 and 176: 12 Does Food Assistance matter? The
Page 177 and 178: These en� tlements are embedded i
Page 179 and 180: them to climb out of chronic povert
Page 181 and 182: assistance. While the bulk of food
Page 183 and 184: classifi ed as being capable of mai
Page 185 and 186: seasonal migra� on of men to Indi
Page 187 and 188: Insurance-eff ects The study reveal
Page 189 and 190: commodity prices, therefore decreas
Page 191 and 192: poverty, but yet not helping them t
Page 193 and 194: 156 a situa� on, where people can
Page 195: In: Progress in Human Geography 17
Page 199 and 200: Figure 3: Retail price of wheat and
Page 201 and 202: Way forward: Tackling rising food p
Page 203 and 204: 14 Food Insecurity in Nepal: A Pove
Page 205 and 206: secure access to suffi cient amount
Page 207 and 208: the distribu� on of this valuable
Page 209 and 210: structural features, but the domina
Page 211 and 212: top-down Geneva- and Paris-based mo
Page 213 and 214: subsequent disbursements spread ove
Page 215 and 216: is impossible, as pointed out in th
Page 217 and 218: eason why posi� ve economic and t
Page 219 and 220: The aid for land reform, as is evid
Page 221 and 222: ADB’s proposal to strengthen the
Page 223 and 224: Nepali Rupees in land transac� on
Page 225: Sincere thanks to: Birkha B Pun is
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