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Figure 2 summarises the perceived eff ects of food aid based on a trendanalysis.<br />
without FFW with FFW<br />
food suffi ciency 00 0000<br />
well-being 00 0000<br />
sale of assets 0000 00<br />
exploita� on of natural<br />
resources<br />
0000 00<br />
� me spend for<br />
employment<br />
0000 00<br />
need for mutual help in<br />
village<br />
0000 00<br />
confi llcts in society 000 000<br />
par� cipa� on in<br />
community works*<br />
00 00000<br />
migra� on 0000 00<br />
educa� on (children) 000 00<br />
Figure 2: Trend analysis presen� ng the results of a community discussion.<br />
Summarising, the fi ndings of the study suggests, that food assistance<br />
through FFW does help people securing their assets during crises, and increase<br />
their overall feeling of well-being and security. Contrary to the assump� on<br />
that food assistance would result in the decline of recipients’ ability to deal<br />
with shocks, the fi ndings show that food assistance does not replace other<br />
mechanisms of food acquirement but that it rather is an addi� onal source<br />
of food on which people can rely in the short-term. It therefore does not<br />
replace but combine tradi� onal sources of food. However, these posi� ve<br />
eff ects of food assistance only prevail in the short-term. Neither prior nor<br />
a� er the distribu� on of food assistance does it provide addi� onal security to<br />
poten� al recipients. This is mainly due to two reasons: on the one hand, FFW<br />
is not reliable and transparent enough to enable people to readily rely on it<br />
and adapt their livelihood strategies; on the other hand, its developmental<br />
contribu� ons, e.g. through the construc� on of small-scale infrastructures,<br />
are not regarded as long-las� ng and sustainable by the villagers. Instead of<br />
building the village path, or improving the school building, villagers would<br />
prefer to be given skills-training and other employment genera� ng ac� vi� es.<br />
Addi� onally, the VDC secretary cri� cised the lack of coordina� on between<br />
his offi ce and the WFP. Finally, what villagers needed most was a water<br />
pipe, which could not be constructed due to limited resources for non-food<br />
items on side of the WFP. Therefore, instead of contribu� ng to a longer-term<br />
improvement of the situa� on in the village, food assistance rather helped<br />
to sustain the status-quo, preven� ng villagers from slipping further into<br />
Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal 153
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