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na� onal partners fi rst and then with also DPs based in Nepal. Broadly that should include aid predictability, medium term support for rehabilita� on, reconstruc� on and economic recovery and high inclusive growth agenda, donor harmoniza� on and alignment, MfDR and country ownership. Specifi cally, the focus should be lowered on Technical Assistance pooling, support to domes� c resource mobiliza� on, aid for trade, capacity building and strengthening of our na� onal systems including that of public fi nancial management and procurement systems. Donors’ commitments towards fulfi lling their resource obliga� ons to achieve MDGs and beyond should be sought. Mechanisms for incen� vizing the donors to eff ec� vely implement Paris principles and AAA at local level should be discussed at Busan. A general discourse on ‘Development eff ec� veness’ rather than discussions centered on ‘Aid Eff ec� veness’ sounds exci� ng at this stage from both accountability and delivery perspec� ves. Eff orts to sa� sfy the taxpayers of both donor and recipient countries are needed and Busan HLF-4 should go a long way in this direc� on. As the � me from now to Busan is very short, the Ministry of Finance and other relevant partners must start working round the clock in preparing and fi ne-tuning the presenta� ons for the mee� ngs in Busan so as to maximize the outcomes of HLF-4 on Aid Eff ec� veness for Nepal. Bibliography 4th HLF on Aid Eff ec� veness, Busan, November, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2011, from Aid eff c� veness web site: www.aideff ec� veness.org/busanhlf4/en/ Foreign Aid Policy. (2002). Ministry of Finance, Nepal. Foreign Aid Policy 2009. (2009). A Dra� for Discussion at the Nepal Development Forum Stakeholders' Mee� ng. Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance, Government of Nepal. Foreign Aid Policy 2010 - Revised dra� for Discussion. (2010). FACD, MOF, GON. NDCM2008. (2008). Retrieved October 12, 2011, from www.ndcm2008.gov.np NDF2004. (2004). Retrieved October 12, 2011, from www.ndf2004.gov.np Nepal Country Evalua� on for Joint Evalua� on of the Implementa� on of the Paris Declara� on, Phase II. Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance, Governmnet of Nepal. Nepal Country Report 2008 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declara� on. Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance, Government of Nepal. NPPR 2008. Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance, Government Of Nepal. Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal 95
8 Aid Eff ec� veness and Gender Responsive Budge� ng: Nepal’s Expericence 96 Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal -Mina Acharya THE Paris Declara� on (2005) laid down fi ve principles to increase aid eff ec� veness, namely na� onal ownership; alignment of assistance to na� onal priori� es; harmoniza� on and coordina� on of donor support; managing for development with results and transparency; and mutual accountability. The principle of ownership requires engagement of ci� zens in na� onal planning and priority se� ng processes in the country as well as ownership of the objec� ves and plans and programs by the respec� ve country governments. Women are o� en not included in such processes and their priori� es fully not refl ected in the development policies and na� onal plans. In Nepal, the grass roots women have had li� le voice and infl uence in such processes (MOWCSW\UNDP\MGEP, 2004). Only during the prepara� on of the Tenth Plan/PRSP (2002-2007) some consulta� on with women's groups from na� onal to the regional level took place. However, they have had li� le infl uence on the budge� ng process. Since the introduc� on of GRB in 2007/08 things are changing somewhat. Women's groups and advocates are being consulted with at least at the na� onal level. Impact of their voice on infl uencing policies is s� ll few and far between. Alignment requires that donor priori� es are set in consulta� on with the country concerned and that they are in line with the na� onal priori� es. There are several mechanisms of achieving such alignment, including Direct Budget Support, which is the support to sectors and programs that
Page 2:
Changing Paradigms Of Aid Effective
Page 5 and 6:
Changing Paradigms of Aid Eff ec�
Page 8 and 9:
Acknowledgement Six decades of ‘p
Page 10 and 11:
Acronyms: AAA Accra Agenda for Ac
Page 12:
ODA Offi cial Development Assistanc
Page 16 and 17:
Introduc� on: Effectiveness of Fo
Page 18 and 19:
Buoyancy of revenue coincides with
Page 20 and 21:
the en� re prospects for economic
Page 22 and 23:
(NAP) on Aid Eff ec� veness both
Page 24 and 25:
the IMF or the World Bank as these
Page 26 and 27:
uilding na� onal capacity and par
Page 28 and 29:
Tradi� onal global governance as
Page 30 and 31:
ut their impact has been mixed. Com
Page 32 and 33:
irregular unskilled daily wage labo
Page 34 and 35:
cul� vators who live in complex,
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freedom and social jus� ce, imper
Page 39 and 40:
divided by fi ve. It is done becaus
Page 41 and 42:
Table 1.2 Foreign Aid in the Budget
Page 43 and 44:
more than three-fi � h in the LIC
Page 45 and 46:
Table 1.3: Foreign Aid and the Exte
Page 47 and 48:
An intriguing fact about the whole
Page 49 and 50:
Table 3. Foreign Aid and the Na�
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14 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 100 90 80 70
Page 53 and 54:
can absorb a far higher level of de
Page 55 and 56:
sources of foreign exchange earning
Page 57 and 58:
to increase the magnitude of GNI fr
Page 59 and 60:
Table 2.1 : An Interna� onal Comp
Page 61 and 62:
is rela� vely higher in Nepal as
Page 63 and 64:
accompanied by poor supervision of
Page 65 and 66:
conspicuously discouraged investmen
Page 67 and 68:
and, therefore, it is impera� ve
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(2) How to more eff ec� vely inte
Page 71 and 72:
34 and reduce growing extent of tra
Page 73 and 74:
the process of industrial developme
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix 2: Quan� ta� ve Target
Page 77 and 78:
OAD/Nepal (2010). Report of the Off
Page 79 and 80:
focusing on conserving and expandin
Page 81 and 82: 1998, the total disbursement from a
Page 83 and 84: Figure 3: Offi cial Aid 1990-2009 4
Page 85 and 86: poverty. In case of Nepal, access t
Page 87 and 88: 4 Challenge of Managing Aid in Evol
Page 89 and 90: theories themselves remain vague an
Page 91 and 92: thought no earlier development theo
Page 93 and 94: ‘Social Capital’ approach of de
Page 95 and 96: inging all the donors working in Ne
Page 97 and 98: sustainable and self-reliant develo
Page 99 and 100: community. This is where eff ec�
Page 101 and 102: Challenges and Limits to Choice Fac
Page 103 and 104: 5 Foreign Aid Politics in Developin
Page 105 and 106: targets, some donors will therefore
Page 107 and 108: avoided. This adds another nuance t
Page 109 and 110: ut the interna� onal community mu
Page 111 and 112: 6 A bo� om up aid eff ec� venes
Page 113 and 114: with the overall purpose of se� n
Page 115 and 116: deepening public par� cipa� on
Page 117 and 118: off er a minimum denominator for sh
Page 119 and 120: the actual implementa� on of deve
Page 121 and 122: “� mely, accurate and accessibl
Page 123 and 124: Minimum standards for crea� on of
Page 125 and 126: Nepal Is obviously in a good posi
Page 127 and 128: Ac� on (AAA). All development act
Page 129 and 130: presented drawing heavily from the
Page 131: Confi dence in Nepal’s procuremen
Page 135 and 136: used in planning and managing gener
Page 137 and 138: excluded groups (b) examining the g
Page 139 and 140: 9 Governing Emissions Reduc� on:
Page 141 and 142: organisa� ons to ins� tu� ona
Page 143 and 144: and increasing GHG sinks (i.e. fore
Page 145 and 146: “which necessarily engenders an u
Page 147 and 148: Table 5.2 Breakdown of UNFCCC REDD+
Page 149 and 150: Quan� ta� ve survey results Tab
Page 151 and 152: 10 Green governance: Development ai
Page 153 and 154: fi nancial support in the forestry
Page 155 and 156: The Table shows that community fore
Page 157 and 158: Livelihood assets off ered by CFUGs
Page 159 and 160: 11 Foreign aid and Educa� on in N
Page 161 and 162: countries to the poor ones help to
Page 163 and 164: ilateral ODA from DAC members, comp
Page 165 and 166: in terms of foreign aid infl ow is
Page 167 and 168: Table 7.1: Public investment in edu
Page 169 and 170: agencies in Nepal’s educa� on s
Page 171 and 172: ecipient in giving and taking forei
Page 173 and 174: who can be manipulated by any shrew
Page 175 and 176: 12 Does Food Assistance matter? The
Page 177 and 178: These en� tlements are embedded i
Page 179 and 180: them to climb out of chronic povert
Page 181 and 182: assistance. While the bulk of food
Page 183 and 184:
classifi ed as being capable of mai
Page 185 and 186:
seasonal migra� on of men to Indi
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Insurance-eff ects The study reveal
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commodity prices, therefore decreas
Page 191 and 192:
poverty, but yet not helping them t
Page 193 and 194:
156 a situa� on, where people can
Page 195 and 196:
In: Progress in Human Geography 17
Page 197 and 198:
Figure 1: FAO Food Price Index (200
Page 199 and 200:
Figure 3: Retail price of wheat and
Page 201 and 202:
Way forward: Tackling rising food p
Page 203 and 204:
14 Food Insecurity in Nepal: A Pove
Page 205 and 206:
secure access to suffi cient amount
Page 207 and 208:
the distribu� on of this valuable
Page 209 and 210:
structural features, but the domina
Page 211 and 212:
top-down Geneva- and Paris-based mo
Page 213 and 214:
subsequent disbursements spread ove
Page 215 and 216:
is impossible, as pointed out in th
Page 217 and 218:
eason why posi� ve economic and t
Page 219 and 220:
The aid for land reform, as is evid
Page 221 and 222:
ADB’s proposal to strengthen the
Page 223 and 224:
Nepali Rupees in land transac� on
Page 225:
Sincere thanks to: Birkha B Pun is
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