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References Cited ADB (2009). Cri� cal Constraints to Development – Nepal: Country Diagnos� cs Studies. Manila: Asian Development Bank. APROSC (1995). Agriculture Perspec� ve Plan (APP). Agriculture Projects Services Center (APROSC)/Asian Development Bank (ADB). CBS (2008): Sta� s� cal Pocket Book. Central Bureau of Sta� s� cs (CBS)/Nepal, 2008. CBS (2011). Nepal Living Standard Survey, 2010. Preliminary Findings. Collins, Joseph H., Hutchinson, Donald S. and Walter D. Wekstein (1996). A Financial Future for Nepal – Crea� ng an Interna� onal fi nancial services Center. Boston, Massachuse� s: Collins and Associates. Dahal, Madan K. (1992). Future of Nepalese Economy. Kathmandu: NEFAS/FES. Dahal, Madan K. (2008). Foreign Aid in Nepal - The Changing Context. A Paper Presented at a Seminar organized by Sikkim University, India in April. Dahal, Madan K. (2009). “Taxa� on in Nepal: Structure, Issues and Reforms”, The Economic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 32, No. 1, Issue No. 125, Jan-March. Dahal, Madan K. (Feb 1, 2009). “Global Economic Meltdown: Monopolizing Wealth without Ethics”, Website: Nepalnews.com Dahal, Madan K. (2010 a). “Future of Nepalese Economy”, A Paper Presented at the Seminar Organized by Nepal Economic Associa� on held on October 6, 2010 in Kathmandu. Dahal, Madan K. (2010 b). “Nepal’s Economy: Traveling on the Silk Road”. Website: telegraphnepal.com August 18, 2010. Dahal, Madan K. and Kyoko Inoue (1994). A Profi le of Industrial Development in Nepal. Tokyo: Ins� tute of Developing Economies (IDE). Dahal, Madan K. et al. (2008). A Study on Value Added Tax (VAT) Mul� -rates. A Report submi� ed to Ministry of Finance (MOF), Government of Nepal (GON). Dahal, Madan K. et al. (2009). Nepal: A Generic Guideline for Economic Diplomacy in Nepal. Ins� tute of Foreign Aff airs (IFA), Ministry of Foreign Aff airs (MOFA). FITTA (1992). Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer Act (FITTA), 1992. Ministry of Law and Jus� ce (MOLJ)/ GON. IFC/World Bank (2011). Doing Business Report, 2011. Washington: The World Bank. IMF (2011). World Economic Outlook, 2011. Washington: Interna� onal Monetary Fund (IMF). Ministry of Energy (2011). Concept of Government and Future Program presented by Deputy Prime-Minister and Energy Minister Bharat Mohan Adhikari before the Cons� tuent Assembly in May 2011. MOF/GON (2009). A Report on “Establishing Central Revenue Board” submi� ed to Ministry of Finance (MOF), Government of Nepal (GON) by a High-Level Task Force comprising Prof. Dr. Madan Kumar Dahal (Coordinator), Mr. Keshav Prasad Acharya, Chief Economic Advisor at MOF - member, Prof. Dr. Pusha Raj Kanel - member, Mr. Nirajan Tibrewala – member and Private Sector Representa� ve, and Mr. Shant Raj Subedi, Joint Secretary and Revenue Division Chief – Member Secretary. MOF/GON (2010). Budget Speech 2010; and Budget Speech 2011. MOF/GON. Economic Survey, July 2009; Economic Survey, July 2010; and Economic Survey, July 2011. Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) (2011): Current Economic Situa� on of the Country based on 11 Months Data for FY 2010/2011. NRB: Kathmandu. Nepal Stock Exchange, June 2011. NPC (2010). 3-Year Interim Development Plan (TYIDP), 2010-2012: An Approach Paper. Na� onal Planning Commission (NPC), Government of Nepal (GON). Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal 39
OAD/Nepal (2010). Report of the Offi ce of Auditor General of Nepal (OAD/N), 2010. OPHI & UNDP (2010). Oxford Poverty and Human Development Ini� a� ve and the United Na� ons Development Program. UNDP. Transparency Interna� onal (2011). Report of the Transparency Interna� onal (TI), 2011. UNDP (2011). Human Development Report, 2011. WREC (2001). Report of the Water Resources and Energy Commission, 2001. Ministry of Water Resources and Energy (MOWRE). Website: h� p://www.fxtrade.onada.com. Website:h� p://www.nepalnews.com (The mee� ng of Asia-Pacifi c Exchange and Coopera� on Founda� on (APECF) held in Malaysia on August 8, 2011 decided to raise US$ 3 billion to develop Lumbini as an interna� onal pilgrimage Center for Buddhists from all over the world). Website: h� p://www.taxrates.cc Wikipedia March 2010. World Bank (2010). World Development Report, 2010. World Bank (2011). World Development Report, 2011. 40 Changing paradigms of aid eff ec� veness in Nepal
Page 2:
Changing Paradigms Of Aid Effective
Page 5 and 6:
Changing Paradigms of Aid Eff ec�
Page 8 and 9:
Acknowledgement Six decades of ‘p
Page 10 and 11:
Acronyms: AAA Accra Agenda for Ac
Page 12:
ODA Offi cial Development Assistanc
Page 16 and 17:
Introduc� on: Effectiveness of Fo
Page 18 and 19:
Buoyancy of revenue coincides with
Page 20 and 21:
the en� re prospects for economic
Page 22 and 23:
(NAP) on Aid Eff ec� veness both
Page 24 and 25:
the IMF or the World Bank as these
Page 26 and 27: uilding na� onal capacity and par
Page 28 and 29: Tradi� onal global governance as
Page 30 and 31: ut their impact has been mixed. Com
Page 32 and 33: irregular unskilled daily wage labo
Page 34 and 35: cul� vators who live in complex,
Page 36: freedom and social jus� ce, imper
Page 39 and 40: divided by fi ve. It is done becaus
Page 41 and 42: Table 1.2 Foreign Aid in the Budget
Page 43 and 44: more than three-fi � h in the LIC
Page 45 and 46: Table 1.3: Foreign Aid and the Exte
Page 47 and 48: An intriguing fact about the whole
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. Foreign Aid and the Na�
Page 51 and 52: 14 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 100 90 80 70
Page 53 and 54: can absorb a far higher level of de
Page 55 and 56: sources of foreign exchange earning
Page 57 and 58: to increase the magnitude of GNI fr
Page 59 and 60: Table 2.1 : An Interna� onal Comp
Page 61 and 62: is rela� vely higher in Nepal as
Page 63 and 64: accompanied by poor supervision of
Page 65 and 66: conspicuously discouraged investmen
Page 67 and 68: and, therefore, it is impera� ve
Page 69 and 70: (2) How to more eff ec� vely inte
Page 71 and 72: 34 and reduce growing extent of tra
Page 73 and 74: the process of industrial developme
Page 75: Appendix 2: Quan� ta� ve Target
Page 79 and 80: focusing on conserving and expandin
Page 81 and 82: 1998, the total disbursement from a
Page 83 and 84: Figure 3: Offi cial Aid 1990-2009 4
Page 85 and 86: poverty. In case of Nepal, access t
Page 87 and 88: 4 Challenge of Managing Aid in Evol
Page 89 and 90: theories themselves remain vague an
Page 91 and 92: thought no earlier development theo
Page 93 and 94: ‘Social Capital’ approach of de
Page 95 and 96: inging all the donors working in Ne
Page 97 and 98: sustainable and self-reliant develo
Page 99 and 100: community. This is where eff ec�
Page 101 and 102: Challenges and Limits to Choice Fac
Page 103 and 104: 5 Foreign Aid Politics in Developin
Page 105 and 106: targets, some donors will therefore
Page 107 and 108: avoided. This adds another nuance t
Page 109 and 110: ut the interna� onal community mu
Page 111 and 112: 6 A bo� om up aid eff ec� venes
Page 113 and 114: with the overall purpose of se� n
Page 115 and 116: deepening public par� cipa� on
Page 117 and 118: off er a minimum denominator for sh
Page 119 and 120: the actual implementa� on of deve
Page 121 and 122: “� mely, accurate and accessibl
Page 123 and 124: Minimum standards for crea� on of
Page 125 and 126: Nepal Is obviously in a good posi
Page 127 and 128:
Ac� on (AAA). All development act
Page 129 and 130:
presented drawing heavily from the
Page 131 and 132:
Confi dence in Nepal’s procuremen
Page 133 and 134:
8 Aid Eff ec� veness and Gender R
Page 135 and 136:
used in planning and managing gener
Page 137 and 138:
excluded groups (b) examining the g
Page 139 and 140:
9 Governing Emissions Reduc� on:
Page 141 and 142:
organisa� ons to ins� tu� ona
Page 143 and 144:
and increasing GHG sinks (i.e. fore
Page 145 and 146:
“which necessarily engenders an u
Page 147 and 148:
Table 5.2 Breakdown of UNFCCC REDD+
Page 149 and 150:
Quan� ta� ve survey results Tab
Page 151 and 152:
10 Green governance: Development ai
Page 153 and 154:
fi nancial support in the forestry
Page 155 and 156:
The Table shows that community fore
Page 157 and 158:
Livelihood assets off ered by CFUGs
Page 159 and 160:
11 Foreign aid and Educa� on in N
Page 161 and 162:
countries to the poor ones help to
Page 163 and 164:
ilateral ODA from DAC members, comp
Page 165 and 166:
in terms of foreign aid infl ow is
Page 167 and 168:
Table 7.1: Public investment in edu
Page 169 and 170:
agencies in Nepal’s educa� on s
Page 171 and 172:
ecipient in giving and taking forei
Page 173 and 174:
who can be manipulated by any shrew
Page 175 and 176:
12 Does Food Assistance matter? The
Page 177 and 178:
These en� tlements are embedded i
Page 179 and 180:
them to climb out of chronic povert
Page 181 and 182:
assistance. While the bulk of food
Page 183 and 184:
classifi ed as being capable of mai
Page 185 and 186:
seasonal migra� on of men to Indi
Page 187 and 188:
Insurance-eff ects The study reveal
Page 189 and 190:
commodity prices, therefore decreas
Page 191 and 192:
poverty, but yet not helping them t
Page 193 and 194:
156 a situa� on, where people can
Page 195 and 196:
In: Progress in Human Geography 17
Page 197 and 198:
Figure 1: FAO Food Price Index (200
Page 199 and 200:
Figure 3: Retail price of wheat and
Page 201 and 202:
Way forward: Tackling rising food p
Page 203 and 204:
14 Food Insecurity in Nepal: A Pove
Page 205 and 206:
secure access to suffi cient amount
Page 207 and 208:
the distribu� on of this valuable
Page 209 and 210:
structural features, but the domina
Page 211 and 212:
top-down Geneva- and Paris-based mo
Page 213 and 214:
subsequent disbursements spread ove
Page 215 and 216:
is impossible, as pointed out in th
Page 217 and 218:
eason why posi� ve economic and t
Page 219 and 220:
The aid for land reform, as is evid
Page 221 and 222:
ADB’s proposal to strengthen the
Page 223 and 224:
Nepali Rupees in land transac� on
Page 225:
Sincere thanks to: Birkha B Pun is
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