Language of the Blues - Edmonton Blues Society

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` On August 22, 1791, Haitian slaves revolted after Vodou priests consulated their oracle and determined with what strategies a revolution would succeed. The revolutionaries defeated an army sent by Napoléon Bonaparte. They declared independence on January Threatened by the Haitian slave revolt, the United States and Western Europe slapped economic sanctions on Haiti. This turned the prosperous colony into an impoverished that reparations of 90 million gold francs ($21.7 billion today) be made to former slave owners. 372 Haiti has yet to recover. In the North American colonies, meanwhile, slave owners were largely successful in using corporal and capital punishment to strip African slaves of their religious traditions, which were characterized by whites as barbaric, primitive, and sexually licentious. The sensationalistic book Haiti or the Black Republic, written in 1884 by S. St. John, spread this characterization by portraying Vodou as an evil devil-worshipping cult. The book contained gruesome descriptions of human sacrifice, cannibalism, and black magic; some were extracted from Vodou priests by torture à la the Spanish Inquisition. It was a great source for Hollywood screenswriters, who began churning out voodoo horror flicks in the 1930s. Meanwhile, the herbal knowledge, myths, and conjure traditions that did manage to survive in the American colonies mingled with European and Native American medicines and traditions to become hoodoo. Marie Laveau was a Haitian who had played an important role in the Haitian revolution. She arrived in Louisiana in 1800, and in 1809 Vodou arrived in New Orleans en masse when Haitian slave owners who had escaped to Cuba with their slaves during the revolution were expelled from Cuba. Many came to the French- and Spanish-speaking port city of New Orleans with their slaves. 373 legendary Voodoo Queen of New Orleans in 1890. Today an estimated fifteen percent of the citizens of New Orleans practice Vodou. It is also popular in other North American cities with significant African and Haitian communities. Vodou is practiced by roughly 60 million people worldwide, not only in Benin and Haiti, where it was officially sanctioned as a religion in 2003, but in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Brazil, Ghana, and Togo. In Brazil, Vodou is called Candomblé. In the English-speaking Caribbean, it is Obeah. In the United States, Vodou has exerted a powerful influence on what Michael Ventura ntieth century would, Ventura 178
` secrets would be passed. First North America, and then the whole world, would- like the 374 old blues says- Songs: - Tampa Red (Hudson Whittaker) - Clara Smith - Jimi Hendrix, also recorded by Stevie Ray Vaughan W ASH B O A RD W In The Roots of the Blues, musicographer Samuel Charters described seeing Gambia 375 in the same fashion that African American percussionists in the 1920s played washboards with metal strips wrapped over their knuckles. A washboard can also be played with thimbles, spoons, knitting needles, or metal finger picks. Also called a -based dance music of southern Louisiana Creoles. The most popular blues washboard player was hokum artist Washboard Sam, who recorded hundreds of records in the late 1930s and 1940s, most with Big Bill Broonzy. Washboard Sam (born Robert Brown) was actually the illegitimate son of Frank Broonzy, who also fathered Big Bill Broonzy. Sam was raised on a farm in Arkansas and moved to Memphis in the early 1920s. There he met Sleepy John Estes and Hammie Nixon. The trio busked on street corners, collecting tips from passers-by. In 1932, Washboard Sam moved to Chicago. At first he played on the streets for tips but soon he began performing regularly with Broonzy. Within a few years Sam was supporting Broonzy on the guitarist's Bluebird recordings. Washboard Sam went on to accompany many different musicians on their recording sessions, including pianist Memphis Slim, bassist Ransom Knowling, Bukka White, Willie Lacey, and Jazz Gillum. Songs: - - Bo Carter (Armenter Chatmon) 179
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` Ebook published February 1, 2012
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` Winner of the 2007 ASC AP Deems T
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` Foreword John Lee Hooker, and
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` To Son Seals, for inspiration vii
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` Savannah Syncopators African Rhy
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` English by Joseph Holloway and Wi
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` nicked words and phrases from the
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` List of Entries Please note that
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` A L C O RUB A The drink of last r
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` Tommy Johnson in his only known p
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` Bad Axe (Alligator Records) befo
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` some people do think that, but if
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` Blues musicians also used bailing
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` Songs: - Bessie Smith/H.Webman
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` Songs: - Lovie Austin, performed
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` Grab hold of a black cat, she tol
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` Armstrong did for the trumpet. Wi
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` exier the drunker the dancers b
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` The singing and drumming of the n
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` griots, who keep tribal historie
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` Songs: - Big Bill Broonzy (Willi
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` Williams explained. 77 deer hun
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` The modern guitar is a direct des
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` No matter what odd device the pla
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` Bessie Smith beaming in a publici
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` dates back even further, to the C
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` The wardens at country prison far
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` C H I C K The Wolof word jigen de
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` The word chitterling comes from O
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` cock. It 104 Muddy Waters, a.k.
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` Bob M argolin and M uddy Waters,
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` Songs: - Bukka White (Booker
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` C O NJUR E To conjure is to cast
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` 119 the force that character Ult
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` always had this sly smile going
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` C R OSS N O T E Tuning the guitar
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` Johnson was believed by some to h
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` 144 Robert Lockwood became know
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` Songs: - Will Day - Robert John
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` Charlie Patton began recording fo
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` good came out of leaving the pla
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` In blues songs, a person who has
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` Memphis M innie flashes her gold
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` touch the dust and the dust begin
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` which he declared: Songs: Big
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` toenail clippings, or skin from
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` around- brothers were called Wid
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` she went out one morning and foun
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` men feared losing their women to
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` When the Europeans came, when the
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` Songs: Gris- - Dr. John (Mac Rebe
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` H E L L H O UND (see also B L A C
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` H O B O C O C K T A I L When you
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` New Orleans boogie- Songs: -
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` for Jewish. He noted that there a
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` Songs: - Leadbelly (Huddie Ledbe
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` Songs: I drink so much of Jake,
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` Bluebird Records in 1941], I star
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` he flame of a black candle, or p
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` African American charms made with
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` In From Juba to Jive: A Dictionar
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` He said he had friends still in A
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` les my den Although harmless to
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Page 130 and 131: ` , Elmore performances in Chicag
Page 132 and 133: ` Ace set the template that Elvis
Page 134 and 135: ` Three factors determine what a mo
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Page 138 and 139: ` The connection between prostitute
Page 140 and 141: ` own. The first state lottery was
Page 142 and 143: ` Meanwhile, thousands of hoe-boys
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Page 146 and 147: ` unregulated entertainment, such a
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Page 150 and 151: ` Songs: - Bukka White (Booker T.
Page 152 and 153: ` to play on metal or a box with t
Page 154 and 155: ` Shankings, or stabbings, were fai
Page 156 and 157: ` Some plantation owners were fair,
Page 158 and 159: ` SH I M M Y The shimmy is a dance
Page 160 and 161: ` SH U F F L E The famous blues shu
Page 162 and 163: ` 350 The African American tales
Page 164 and 165: ` to many songs that Dixon wrote ex
Page 166 and 167: ` Songs: Mmm, where my Third Street
Page 168 and 169: ` the far more popular blues artist
Page 170 and 171: ` Songs: - Peetie Wheatstraw - Ha
Page 172 and 173: ` Blues players sometimes also call
Page 174 and 175: ` Songs in Vestapol: Many fine exam
Page 176 and 177: ` True vibrato requires significant
Page 180 and 181: ` W H O OPI E, W H O OPIN G phemis
Page 182 and 183: ` Songs: - Blind Boy Fuller (Fulto
Page 184 and 185: ` Zombie horror imagery figured pro
Page 186 and 187: ` 39 The Life and Selected Writings
Page 188 and 189: ` 131 132 Chernoff, p. 143. 133 A
Page 190 and 191: ` 225 -jungle.html. 226 The Dictio
Page 192 and 193: ` 315 Louisiana Folklore Miscellan
Page 194: ` Selected Bibliography Charters, S
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Language of the Blues - Edmonton Blues Society

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