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Olympic<br />

preparations<br />

provide a last<br />

chance to<br />

assess the area<br />

Les préparatifs<br />

pour les JO<br />

donnent une<br />

opportunité<br />

d’étudier<br />

l’endroit<br />

It was a ghost area, a vacuum 10<br />

minutes from the centre of one of<br />

the biggest cities in the world. But<br />

that has not always been the case.<br />

Before the fi rst bulldozer began<br />

transforming this urban desert into<br />

a bustling Olympic Village of<br />

stadiums, landscaped parks,<br />

re-energised waterways, fl ats and<br />

hotels, a team of archaeologists<br />

delved into trenches all over the<br />

site to discern the true history of<br />

the Lea Valley. And what they have<br />

found has transformed our<br />

understanding of London, shifting<br />

its prehistoric origins deeper into<br />

the hitherto unexplored east.<br />

Kieron Tyler, senior archaeologist<br />

with the Museum of London<br />

Archaeology (MOLA), who carried<br />

out the excavation in conjunction<br />

with Pre-Construct Archaeology<br />

(PCA), says, “It’s the story of London<br />

in microcosm. It’s not about one<br />

piece of soil or bit of broken pottery.<br />

Take an item, give it context, marry<br />

it with other fi nds and you’ll begin<br />

to understand that story. The<br />

opportunity to look at an area as<br />

large as the Olympic Park reveals<br />

an enormous story that resonates<br />

throughout the British Isles.”<br />

Since work started in 2002,<br />

archaeologists have uncovered<br />

artefacts that date back 5,000<br />

years, starting with a fl int axe from<br />

3000 BC and including Bronze and<br />

Iron Age huts, Victorian buildings<br />

from the Industrial Revolution and<br />

gun emplacements from World<br />

War II. The need to chronicle the<br />

complete history of the area before<br />

it is transformed has meant the<br />

team have recorded even the<br />

location of electricity pylons that<br />

were constructed in the 1970s to<br />

supply the growing needs of London.<br />

What they’ve found shows that,<br />

far from being an inhospitable noman’s-land<br />

in the armpit of London,<br />

the Lea Valley was inhabited for<br />

3,000 years before the Romans<br />

arrived. It experienced a dramatic<br />

rebirth 1,800 years after the Romans’<br />

arrived, when the Lea became a key<br />

location during the Industrial<br />

Revolution. This is where plastic<br />

and petrol were invented, industries<br />

which have left their own legacy.<br />

“Because of heavy industry, the<br />

soil was completely contaminated,”<br />

says Tyler. “At one dig, I was<br />

watching as the scoop went in. The<br />

metallic smell came fi rst, then an<br />

opaque, dark-orange bubbly liquid<br />

started fi lling the trench. We’ve no<br />

idea what it was, but that was the<br />

end of that. Part of the challenge is<br />

// Avant les Jeux, il était facile d’ignorer<br />

cette vallée de la Lea, une zone désaffectée,<br />

parsemée d’entrepôts. Sur les cartes, un espace<br />

vide. Ni routes, ni parcs, ni maisons. C’était une<br />

zone-fantôme, un vide à 10 minutes du centre<br />

de la métropole. Mais cela n’a pas toujours<br />

été le cas. Avant que le premier bulldozer ne<br />

transforme ce désert urbain en un bouillonnant<br />

village olympique rassemblant stades, parcs<br />

paysagers, cours d’eau revigorés, appartements<br />

et hôtels, une équipe d’archéologues a creusé de<br />

profondes tranchées sur toute sa surface afi n de<br />

mettre à jour l’histoire de la vallée. Et ce qu’ils<br />

ont découvert a bouleversé notre connaissance<br />

de Londres en faisant remonter ses origines bien<br />

plus loin dans cet Est méconnu.<br />

Kieron Tyler, archéologue au Museum of<br />

London Archaeology (MOLA) qui a mené les<br />

fouilles avec Pre-Construct Archaeology (PCA),<br />

explique : « Il s’agit de l’histoire de Londres en<br />

miniature. Pas seulement d’une poignée de terre<br />

ou d’un éclat de céramique, mais de Londres.<br />

Prenez un objet, replacez-le dans son contexte,<br />

associez-le à d’autres et vous commencerez à<br />

découvrir cette histoire. Étudier en une seule<br />

fois une zone aussi vaste que le parc olympique<br />

permet de découvrir une histoire riche, de<br />

l’ensemble des îles britanniques. »<br />

Depuis le début des travaux en 2002, les<br />

archéologues ont découvert des objets datant de<br />

5 000 ans, à commencer par une hache en silex<br />

de 3 000 avant J.-C., des huttes de l’âge de bronze<br />

et de fer, des édifi ces victoriens de la Révolution<br />

industrielle et des emplacements d’artillerie

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