A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns, with dates of battles or conquests Kunduzcha 1391 Ural River Volga River New Saray 1395 H O R D E Lake Balkhash Ili River G O L D E N Azov 1395 MOGHULISTAN Otrar 1405 Aral Sea Black Sea A L T I S H A H R Kashgar Tashkent Bukhara Samarkand Shahrisabz (Kesh) Urgench Caspian Sea Ankara 1402 OTTOMAN TURKEY Izmit 1402 Balkh Aleppo Kabul Nishaput Herat IRAN IRAQ Baghdad Damascus S Y R I A Isfahan 1387 Delhi 1398 Indus River Shiraz 1387 I N D I A A R A B I A P e r s i a n G u l f Timurid Empire Map 4 Timurid Empire
Timur and the Timurids 125 in which he showed a mastery and endurance quite comparable to Genghis Khan’s.In one respect, however, he never could match his model’s stature: that of the legitimacy of rule.While Genghis Khan was unencumbered by the overpowering prestige of any rival regal figure or dynasty during his arduous beginning and ultimate hegemony, Timur’s rise and hold on power was in this sense more difficult: by his time, the charisma of Genghisid descent was so great that virtually no nomadic ruler in Inner Asia, from those of the Golden Horde all the way to those of Sinkiang and Mongolia, felt legitimate unless he possessed it or could state that he was ruling in a Genghisid’s name.There were various ways to do the latter: alliance through marriage or setting a puppet scion of the house of Genghis Khan on the throne and ruling in his name were the most frequent ones, and Timur had recourse to both.He thus never assumed the supreme title of khan but only that of amir and gurgan,more correctly küregen, a Mongol term meaning son-in-law – by virtue of his marriage to a princess of the Genghisid line.A symptom of the purely formal value of the second stratagem, that of setting up puppet khans of Genghisid descent, and of the latter’s function as tools in Timur’s hands, is the fact that the specific line he chose in 1370 was Ögedeyid rather than Chaghatayid.On the other hand, unlike Genghis Khan, Timur could claim the right to rule in virtue of being an Islamic monarch whose success reflected God’s will.It seems, however, that this posture played a rather marginal role in Timur’s case, and that the main thrust of his confidence and authority was generated by his political and military genius. Timur’s military exploits were spectacular.His campaigns spanned Eurasia from eastern Sinkiang to southern Russia – Moscow escaped sack by sheer luck – to India, Syria, and Anatolia.Sacked or conquered cities such as Delhi, Isfahan, Baghdad, Damascus, Saray, and Izmir reveal their range.He won signal victories over such adversaries as Tokhtamish, khan of the Golden Horde, in 1395, Nasir al-din Mahmudshah, the sultan of Delhi, in 1398, and Bayezid I, the Ottoman sultan, in 1402.Nevertheless, the empire he founded was in no way comparable to that established by Genghis Khan, either in size or structure; and his sons and grandsons themselves lacked the conquering verve of the successors of Genghis Khan.In this may lie one secret of “Genghisid charisma,” derived from an altogether unprecedented, and subsequently unequaled, imperial edifice. Timur died in 1405 at Otrar – a curious coincidence, for that was the locality where the incident of 1218 provoked Genghis Khan’s invasion
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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Page 178 and 179: chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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206 A history of Inner Asia modern
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208 A history of Inner Asia in whic
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212 A history of Inner Asia Central
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216 A history of Inner Asia Republi
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220 A history of Inner Asia Communi
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224 A history of Inner Asia An esse
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226 A history of Inner Asia besides
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228 A history of Inner Asia adoptio
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248 A history of Inner Asia atheism
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250 A history of Inner Asia chauvin
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252 A history of Inner Asia Thy han
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chapter eighteen Central Asia becom
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256 A history of Inner Asia power a
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258 A history of Inner Asia as it d
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260 A history of Inner Asia of 1917
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Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) RUSSIA
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266 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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270 A history of Inner Asia gees, s
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272 A history of Inner Asia In 1941
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Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
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UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
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Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kaza
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282 A history of Inner Asia for ass
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284 A history of Inner Asia growing
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288 A history of Inner Asia port, o
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290 A history of Inner Asia border
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292 A history of Inner Asia Coopera
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294 A history of Inner Asia slow an
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Amur Railroad Moscow-Beijing via Ul
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300 A history of Inner Asia 1940 in
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302 A history of Inner Asia multipa
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304 A history of Inner Asia A signi
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306 A history of Inner Asia into ja
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308 A history of Inner Asia as the
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312 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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314 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
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318 Appendix 1 13.Hasan (1130-32),
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320 Appendix 1 (d) Anushtiginids, o
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322 Appendix 1 21.Qazan (1343-46),
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324 Appendix 1 Timurid (non-Genghis
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326 Appendix 1 x.Yar Muhammad 1.Jan
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328 Appendix 1 25.Abu l-Ghazi III (
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330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
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332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
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334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; i
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336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
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338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
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340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
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342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
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344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
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346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
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348 Select bibliography Language Pl
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350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
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352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
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354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
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356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
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358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
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Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
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362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283
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364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petro
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366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission
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368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashk
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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