A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashkir scholar and champion of Turkestanian Muslims, 219 Tokharians, people and their language, 11, 48, 79 Tokharistan, early Islamic name for ancient Bactria, 11–12 Tolstoy, Alexey, Russian writer, 240 Tonuquq, Kök Turkic minister remembered for his funerary stele, 54 Toqay-Timurids see Janids Torghut, Kalmyks who founded a short-lived khanate on the lower Volga, 173–5 trade, 9, 15–16, 80, 181, 203 Transoxania, 4–5, 46, 47 Tsevang Rabdan, 171 Tughluq Timur, Chaghatayid khan who made conversion to Islam definitive, 121 Tula, a river in Mongolia, 19 Tunhuang, town on the Silk Road and a famous archaeological site, 52 Tura, 21 Turajonzoda, Ali Akbar, a Tajik cleric and public figure, 307–8 Turan, as a symbolic concept, 6 Turfan, 16–17, 52, 165; see also Qocho Turkestan, Turkistan: changing or multiple concept of, x, 14, 26; Governorate- General Turkestan, 201; Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 218 Turkic languages and peoples, concept of, xi, 29–31, 33–4 Turkmen people, tribes, 182 Turkmenbashy, new name of Saparmurat Niyazov, president of Turkmenistan, 281–2 Turkmenistan, viii–xi, 335–6 Turksib, railroad linking the Central Asian network with the Transsiberian, 22 Turksovnarkom, 212 Tuva Autonomous Republic, viii, xi, 21 Ubaydallah, Shaybanid khan of Bukhara, 154–5 Ufa, capital of Bashkiria, xiii, xi Uighur people and language, 24; qaghanate in Mongolia, 21, 66–7, 77; kingdom of Qocho, 77–81; as a new concept, 270 Uighur Sinkiang Autonomous Region see Sinkiang Uighuristan, 24, 165 Ulaanbaatar or Ulan-Bator, capital of Mongolia, viii, xi, 19 Ulan-Ude, capital of Buriatia, viii, xi, 21 Ulema Jemiyeti, 210, 214 Umar Khan, khan of Khoqand, 191–2 Umar Shaykh, Timurid ruler of Fergana, father of Babur, 147 Umari, Arab geographer, 115 Umayyads, the first dynasty of caliphs, 47, 62 Ungern-Sternberg, baron, acts as a Mongol leader and patriot, 298 “Union republics,” 226–7 Ural, river and mountains, 2 urban growth, 231 Urga, 19, previous name of Ulaanbaatar Urgench, the principal pre-Islamic and early Islamic city of Khwarazm, 6–7 Urumchi, capital of Sinkiang, 17, 263 Uzbek or Özbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde, 114 Uzbek Soviet Encyclopaedia, 228 Uzbekistan, viii–xi, 14, 225–8, 336–7; 1937 constitution, 228 Uzbeks, people and language, 33, 145 Uzboy, an extinct branch of the Amu Darya, 7 Uzgend, a town in western Kyrgyzstan, one of the four centers of the Qarakhanids, 85 Vakhan, a river and valley in the “Afghan Finger,” joins the Panj, 13 Vakhsh, a river in Tajikistan, with the Panj forms the Amu Darya, 12 Vernyi, name of Almaty in Tsarist times, 23 virgin-land campaign, 236 Volga, river, 28 wali, Muslim saint, 38 waqf, Muslim pious endowment, 231 waste, toxic, dumping of, 236 water, as a resource, abuse of, 293 Western Turkestan, x White Horde, 323 wildlife, wiped out by environmental blight, 8 work force, 294–5 Yadigarids (Yadigarid Shaybanids) or Arabshahids, , 181, 327–8 Yakutia, viii, xi; Yakutsk, capital of Yakutia, viii, xi Yalavach, Mahmud, and Yalavachids, a family of civil servants in the Mongol empire, 113–14, 328–9 Yangikant, 27 Yaqub Beg, head of a short-lived Muslim state in Sinkiang, 265–7 Yaqut, Arab geographer, laments the destruction of Merv, 114–15 Yarkand, a city in southern Sinkiang, capital of Yaqub Beg’s state, 16, 165, 263
Yar-khoto, former city and archaeological site near Turfan, 17, 77 yasa, 113 Yasavi, Khwaja Ahmad, a Turkic sufi and founder of the Yasaviya order of dervishes, 26 Yasavi zikr, 248 Yasaviya order of dervishes, 26, 37, 141–3 Yasi, also known as Turkistan, a town in southern Kazakkhstan, 25–7; Ahmad Yasavi’s mausoleum at, 248 Young Bukharans, 206 Yüan, dynastic name of the Genghisids ruling China, 111, 320–1 Yunus Khan, a Chaghatayid khan of Moghulistan, 141 yurt, the tent of nomadic Turks and Mongols, 42–3 Index 369 Yusuf of Balasaghun, author of the Qutadghu Bilig, 92 Zarafshan, a river in north-western Tajikistan and central Uzbekistan, 4–5, 25 Zhengish Chokusu, 15; highest mountain in the Tianshan range on the Kyrgyz–Sinkiang border Zhezkazgan, a town in central Kazakhstan, 28 Zhirinovskiy, Vladimir, a Russian nationalist, 285 zikr, a litany performed by sufi dervishes, 37 Ziyad ibn Salih, Arab commander in the historic victory over the Chinese, 69 ziyarat, devotinal visit to an Islamic shrine or sacred site, 37, 39 Zoroastrianism, 23, 48–9
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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74 A history of Inner Asia the Saha
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76 A history of Inner Asia Ilig (al
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78 A history of Inner Asia at the e
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80 A history of Inner Asia factor h
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82 A history of Inner Asia for that
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84 A history of Inner Asia confeder
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86 A history of Inner Asia tioned F
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88 A history of Inner Asia between
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90 A history of Inner Asia that the
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92 A history of Inner Asia Signific
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94 A history of Inner Asia they see
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96 A history of Inner Asia campaign
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98 A history of Inner Asia for an e
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100 A history of Inner Asia assets,
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Moscow Russian Principalities GOLDE
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104 A history of Inner Asia absent,
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106 A history of Inner Asia elimina
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108 A history of Inner Asia end to
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110 A history of Inner Asia members
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112 A history of Inner Asia in the
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114 A history of Inner Asia unprece
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116 A history of Inner Asia Some tw
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118 A history of Inner Asia madrasa
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120 A history of Inner Asia a still
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122 A history of Inner Asia Chaghat
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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns,
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126 A history of Inner Asia of Tran
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128 A history of Inner Asia Ulugh B
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130 A history of Inner Asia an unde
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132 A history of Inner Asia the wor
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134 A history of Inner Asia known b
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136 A history of Inner Asia almost
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138 A history of Inner Asia Sammasi
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140 A history of Inner Asia The abo
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142 A history of Inner Asia formal
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chapter ten The last Timurids and t
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146 A history of Inner Asia usually
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148 A history of Inner Asia of anot
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150 A history of Inner Asia they wo
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152 A history of Inner Asia leader,
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154 A history of Inner Asia imate t
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156 A history of Inner Asia between
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158 A history of Inner Asia 1580 Kh
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160 A history of Inner Asia 1380s.O
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chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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164 A history of Inner Asia the lat
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166 A history of Inner Asia religio
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168 A history of Inner Asia however
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170 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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172 A history of Inner Asia place.I
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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182 A history of Inner Asia by then
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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186 A history of Inner Asia For 372
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188 A history of Inner Asia the wes
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190 A history of Inner Asia Khoqand
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192 A history of Inner Asia the fai
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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196 A history of Inner Asia prestig
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198 A history of Inner Asia about R
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200 A history of Inner Asia We may
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202 A history of Inner Asia One fin
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204 A history of Inner Asia extent
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206 A history of Inner Asia modern
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208 A history of Inner Asia in whic
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210 A history of Inner Asia newspap
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212 A history of Inner Asia Central
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214 A history of Inner Asia and mil
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216 A history of Inner Asia Republi
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218 A history of Inner Asia began t
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220 A history of Inner Asia Communi
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222 A history of Inner Asia their s
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224 A history of Inner Asia An esse
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226 A history of Inner Asia besides
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228 A history of Inner Asia adoptio
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230 A history of Inner Asia it.It i
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232 A history of Inner Asia of the
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234 A history of Inner Asia had led
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238 A history of Inner Asia grave o
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240 A history of Inner Asia disappr
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242 A history of Inner Asia Alim Kh
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244 A history of Inner Asia the fin
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246 A history of Inner Asia to succ
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248 A history of Inner Asia atheism
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250 A history of Inner Asia chauvin
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252 A history of Inner Asia Thy han
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chapter eighteen Central Asia becom
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256 A history of Inner Asia power a
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258 A history of Inner Asia as it d
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260 A history of Inner Asia of 1917
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262 A history of Inner Asia overwhe
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Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) RUSSIA
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266 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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268 A history of Inner Asia some ba
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270 A history of Inner Asia gees, s
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272 A history of Inner Asia In 1941
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274 A history of Inner Asia the poi
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Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
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UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
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Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kaza
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282 A history of Inner Asia for ass
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284 A history of Inner Asia growing
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286 A history of Inner Asia that th
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288 A history of Inner Asia port, o
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290 A history of Inner Asia border
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292 A history of Inner Asia Coopera
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294 A history of Inner Asia slow an
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Amur Railroad Moscow-Beijing via Ul
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298 A history of Inner Asia the Chi
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300 A history of Inner Asia 1940 in
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302 A history of Inner Asia multipa
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304 A history of Inner Asia A signi
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306 A history of Inner Asia into ja
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308 A history of Inner Asia as the
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310 A history of Inner Asia near th
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312 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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314 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
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Page 336 and 337: 320 Appendix 1 (d) Anushtiginids, o
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Page 340 and 341: 324 Appendix 1 Timurid (non-Genghis
Page 342 and 343: 326 Appendix 1 x.Yar Muhammad 1.Jan
Page 344 and 345: 328 Appendix 1 25.Abu l-Ghazi III (
Page 346 and 347: 330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
Page 348 and 349: 332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
Page 350 and 351: 334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; i
Page 352 and 353: 336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
Page 354 and 355: 338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
Page 356 and 357: 340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
Page 358 and 359: 342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
Page 360 and 361: 344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
Page 362 and 363: 346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
Page 364 and 365: 348 Select bibliography Language Pl
Page 366 and 367: 350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
Page 368 and 369: 352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
Page 370 and 371: 354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
Page 372 and 373: 356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
Page 374 and 375: 358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
Page 376 and 377: Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
Page 378 and 379: 362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283
Page 380 and 381: 364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petro
Page 382 and 383: 366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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