A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283 cotton, 8, 235, 252 Dahbid or Dahpid, shrine of the Naqshbandi shaykh Khwaja Ahmad Kasani near Samarkand, 159 Dalai-lama, 168–9 Dandanqan, site of Seljukid victory over the Ghaznavids, 93 Dari, term for Farsi (Persian) in its formative stage, 32, 74 darugha, darughachi, Mongol term for governor or tax-collector, 113 Dasht-i Kipchak, 2, 28, 161 Dayan Khan, Chenghisid khan in Mongolia, 167 desert, 1, 14–15 Dimitriy Donskoy, prince of Moscow, victor over the Mongols, 121 Directorate of Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, 230 Diwan lughat al-Turk, 87–91 dobrovolnoe prisoedinenie, “voluntary unification [with Russia],” doctrine of, 284–5 Dolon Nor, site of Mongol acceptance of Manchu suzerainty, 171 Donish, Ahmad, Bukharan scholar and civil servant, 241 Dukchi Ishon, leader of a native uprising against Tsarist rule, 207 Dushanbe, capital of Tajikistan, 12; called Stalinabad between 1936 and 1961 Eastern Turkestan see Sinkiang Elista, capital of Kalmykia, viii, xi Erdeniz Zu, Buddhist monastery at Qaraqorum, 19, 299 Erk, Uzbek political party, 304 Esen Buqa II, Chaghatayid ruler of Moghulistan, 141 Farab, a site near the Syr Darya, birthplace of al-Farabi, 25 Farabi, an Islamic philosopher and philologist, 25 Fathabad, a Kubraviya dervish lodge near Bukhara, 119 Fayzabad, administrative center of Afghan Badakhshan, 13 Fergana, 9–10 Firuzkuh, mountains in northern Afghanistan, 10 Fitrat, Abdarrauf, Bukharan and Uzbek author, scholar, and public figure, 206, 222 French North Africa, compared with Russian Central Asia, 200, 284 Frunze (city), name of Bishkek under Soviet rule, 24, 233–4 Galdan, khan of Jungaria, 170–1 Galdan Tsereng, khan of Jungaria, 172 Gandan, Buddhist monastery in Ulaanbaatar, 299 Garmo, a mountain in Tajikistan, as “Pik Kommunizma” the highest mountain of the former Soviet empire, 15 gas, natural, 286–7, 293 Gaspirali, Ismail Beg or Gasprinskiy, 207 Genghis Khan, 7, 19, 104–5 Genghisids, 320 ghazi, Muslims fighting the jihad (holy war), 25 Ghaznavids, 96–8, 318 Gijduvani, Abd al-Khaliq, a sufi shaykh, 138 Girey, a Genghisid prince, with Janibeg laid the foundations of the Kazakh nationality,146 glasnost, “openness,” freedom of expression introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev, 8, 259, 303, 311 Gobi, 2, 16, 18, 20 Gök-tepe, southern Turkmenistan, site of two memorable battles between the Turkmens and Tsarist troops, 312 Golden Horde, 28, 322–3 ; see also Batuids; Dasht-i Kipchak Gorbachev, Mikhail, 253, 256–7, 260, 303–4 Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region, x, xi, 21; Gorno-Altaisk, the capital goskhoz, Mongol version of the sovkhoz (state farm), 300 Great Seljuks see Seljukids Grousset, René, 3, 343, 349 Gunt, a river in Badakhshan, 13 Güyük, Genghis Khan’s grandson and second successor, 109 Hafiz-i Tanish Bukhari, author of Abdallah II’s biography Sharafname-i Shahi, 178 Hami or Qomul, a city in southern Sinkiang on the Silk Road, 2, 16, 52, 165 Hamzaabad, Uzbek enclave in southern Kyrgyzstan, site of a Muslim and Bolshevik shrine, 247 Han (ethnic Chinese), 274 Hangai, mountains in Mongolia, 1, 18 Haydar Mirza, author of the Tarikh-i Rashidi, 116, 161 Hazrat-i Turkistan, nickname of Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi, 26
Hentei, mountains in Mongolia, 2, 18 Herat, a city in north-western Afghanistan, second capital of the Timurid empire, 10 hijra, “hegira,” the Prophet Muhammad’s emigration from Mecca to Medina in 622, beginning of the Islamic era, 47 Hindukush, mountains in Afghanistan, 5, 10 Hindustan, 6 Hsi-hsia, Chinese name of the Tangut empire in Kansu, 104–5 Hsüan-tsang, a Buddhist pilgrim, 49, 80–1 Huehot or Hohhot, capital of Inner Mongolia, 20 Ibn Battuta, Moroccan traveller, author of the Rihla (“Journey”)119–20 Ibn Fadlan, member of a mission from the caliph to Bulghar, author of another Rihla, 9 Ibn Hawqal, Arab traveller and geographer, 73–5 Ibn Sina (Avicenna), 86–7 idiqut, title of the Uighur ruler of Qocho, 81, 120 Ili, river and valley, 22, 23 Ilkhanids, 110, 121, 323 Inakids or Inaqids, a non-Genghisid dynasty, the last to rule Khiva, 187–8, 328 independence, of Central Asian republics, 254, 275–6 Inner Asia, concept of, xi–xii Inner Mongolia, viii, xi inorodtsy, 209 Iran, viii, 6 Iranian languages, 32, 55 Irdana Biy, ruler of Khoqand, 189 Irkutsk, 21 irrigation, 7–9 Irtysh, a river in Siberia, 22 Isfijab see Sayram Ishaqiya see Qarataghlilq Ishim, Kazakh khan, 173 ishon, 38 Islam, 34–9, 49–50 Ismaili Shia, 13 Issyk Kul Lake, 15, 24 Istoriya Kazakhskoy SSR, “History of the Kazakh SSR,” 349–50 Itil, 9, 28 Ivan IV “the Terrible,” tsar of Russia, 162–3 Jadids, jadidism, 206 Jalal al-din Mangubirti, 107 Jambul, 24; previously known as Auliye-Ata Jami, Abd al-Rahman, Timurid poet, 135–6 Index 363 Jand, early Islamic town on the lower Syr Darya, 27 Janibeg, Genghisid prince, with Girey laid the foundations of the Kazakh nationality, xxx Janibeg, khan of the Golden Horde, 116 Janids or Ashtarkhanids or Toqay-Timurids, 177, 325–6 Jasaly, a railroad station in south-western Kazakhstan, Leninsk in the Soviet period, 27 Jayhun see Amu Darya Jetisu see Semireche jihad, 75 Juchi, Genghis Khan’s eldest son, 107 Juchids, Juchi’s descendants who included the Batuids (Golden Horde), Shaybanids, Toqay-Timurids, and Kazakh khans and sultans, 000 Jungaria, 18 Jungarian Gate, 22 Jungars, 169; see also Oirats, Kalmyks Jurm, ancient city in Afghan Badakhshan, 13 Jurchen, a Tunguz people who conquered northern China from the Khitan and founded their dynasty of Chin, 99 Jüz, Kazakh term for the Horde (tribal confederation), 164 Kalmykia, Kalmyk Autonomous Republic, viii, xi Kalmyks, 145–7, 169, 175; see also Oirats, Jungars Karaganda, city in Kazakstan, center of a coal mining region, 232 Karakalpakistan or Qoraqalpoghiston, 337 Karakoram, mountains in northern Tibet, 2 Karakum canal, irrigation canal in Turkmenistan, 8, 293–4 Karakum, a desert in Turkmenistan, 2 Karatau, mountains in southern Kazakhstan, 14, 23, 25 Karimov, Islam, president of Uzbekistan, 281, 283, 294, 305–6 Kasani, Khwaja Ahmad, “Makhdum-i Azam,” a Naqshbandi shaykh, 158–9, 329 Kashgar, 16–17, 52, 165 Kashgari, Mahmud, author of the Diwan lughat al-Turk, 87–91 Kashka Darya, a river in eastern Uzbekistan, 4 Kat, one of the two capitals of ancient Khwarazm, 6
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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74 A history of Inner Asia the Saha
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76 A history of Inner Asia Ilig (al
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78 A history of Inner Asia at the e
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80 A history of Inner Asia factor h
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82 A history of Inner Asia for that
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84 A history of Inner Asia confeder
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86 A history of Inner Asia tioned F
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88 A history of Inner Asia between
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90 A history of Inner Asia that the
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92 A history of Inner Asia Signific
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94 A history of Inner Asia they see
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96 A history of Inner Asia campaign
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98 A history of Inner Asia for an e
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100 A history of Inner Asia assets,
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Moscow Russian Principalities GOLDE
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104 A history of Inner Asia absent,
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106 A history of Inner Asia elimina
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108 A history of Inner Asia end to
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110 A history of Inner Asia members
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112 A history of Inner Asia in the
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114 A history of Inner Asia unprece
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116 A history of Inner Asia Some tw
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118 A history of Inner Asia madrasa
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120 A history of Inner Asia a still
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122 A history of Inner Asia Chaghat
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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns,
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126 A history of Inner Asia of Tran
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128 A history of Inner Asia Ulugh B
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130 A history of Inner Asia an unde
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132 A history of Inner Asia the wor
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134 A history of Inner Asia known b
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136 A history of Inner Asia almost
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138 A history of Inner Asia Sammasi
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140 A history of Inner Asia The abo
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142 A history of Inner Asia formal
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chapter ten The last Timurids and t
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146 A history of Inner Asia usually
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148 A history of Inner Asia of anot
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150 A history of Inner Asia they wo
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152 A history of Inner Asia leader,
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154 A history of Inner Asia imate t
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156 A history of Inner Asia between
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158 A history of Inner Asia 1580 Kh
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160 A history of Inner Asia 1380s.O
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chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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164 A history of Inner Asia the lat
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166 A history of Inner Asia religio
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168 A history of Inner Asia however
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170 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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172 A history of Inner Asia place.I
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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182 A history of Inner Asia by then
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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186 A history of Inner Asia For 372
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188 A history of Inner Asia the wes
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190 A history of Inner Asia Khoqand
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192 A history of Inner Asia the fai
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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196 A history of Inner Asia prestig
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198 A history of Inner Asia about R
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200 A history of Inner Asia We may
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202 A history of Inner Asia One fin
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204 A history of Inner Asia extent
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206 A history of Inner Asia modern
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208 A history of Inner Asia in whic
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210 A history of Inner Asia newspap
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212 A history of Inner Asia Central
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214 A history of Inner Asia and mil
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216 A history of Inner Asia Republi
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218 A history of Inner Asia began t
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220 A history of Inner Asia Communi
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222 A history of Inner Asia their s
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224 A history of Inner Asia An esse
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226 A history of Inner Asia besides
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228 A history of Inner Asia adoptio
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230 A history of Inner Asia it.It i
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232 A history of Inner Asia of the
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234 A history of Inner Asia had led
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236 A history of Inner Asia they st
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238 A history of Inner Asia grave o
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240 A history of Inner Asia disappr
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242 A history of Inner Asia Alim Kh
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244 A history of Inner Asia the fin
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246 A history of Inner Asia to succ
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248 A history of Inner Asia atheism
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250 A history of Inner Asia chauvin
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252 A history of Inner Asia Thy han
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chapter eighteen Central Asia becom
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256 A history of Inner Asia power a
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258 A history of Inner Asia as it d
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260 A history of Inner Asia of 1917
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262 A history of Inner Asia overwhe
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Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) RUSSIA
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266 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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268 A history of Inner Asia some ba
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270 A history of Inner Asia gees, s
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272 A history of Inner Asia In 1941
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274 A history of Inner Asia the poi
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Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
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UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
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Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kaza
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282 A history of Inner Asia for ass
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284 A history of Inner Asia growing
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286 A history of Inner Asia that th
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288 A history of Inner Asia port, o
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290 A history of Inner Asia border
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292 A history of Inner Asia Coopera
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294 A history of Inner Asia slow an
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Amur Railroad Moscow-Beijing via Ul
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298 A history of Inner Asia the Chi
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300 A history of Inner Asia 1940 in
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302 A history of Inner Asia multipa
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304 A history of Inner Asia A signi
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306 A history of Inner Asia into ja
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308 A history of Inner Asia as the
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310 A history of Inner Asia near th
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Page 332 and 333: Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
Page 334 and 335: 318 Appendix 1 13.Hasan (1130-32),
Page 336 and 337: 320 Appendix 1 (d) Anushtiginids, o
Page 338 and 339: 322 Appendix 1 21.Qazan (1343-46),
Page 340 and 341: 324 Appendix 1 Timurid (non-Genghis
Page 342 and 343: 326 Appendix 1 x.Yar Muhammad 1.Jan
Page 344 and 345: 328 Appendix 1 25.Abu l-Ghazi III (
Page 346 and 347: 330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
Page 348 and 349: 332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
Page 350 and 351: 334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; i
Page 352 and 353: 336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
Page 354 and 355: 338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
Page 356 and 357: 340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
Page 358 and 359: 342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
Page 360 and 361: 344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
Page 362 and 363: 346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
Page 364 and 365: 348 Select bibliography Language Pl
Page 366 and 367: 350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
Page 368 and 369: 352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
Page 370 and 371: 354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
Page 372 and 373: 356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
Page 374 and 375: 358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
Page 376 and 377: Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
Page 380 and 381: 364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petro
Page 382 and 383: 366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission
Page 384 and 385: 368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashk
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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