A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; it is the Kyrgyz term for rouble, and the som remains integrated in the rouble system.1 som100 tyiyns. Geopolitical situation: Kyrgyzstan borders Kazakhstan on the north and northwest, Uzbekistan on the west, Tajikistan on the south, and Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region on the east.The capital, Bishkek, is located excentrically in the valley of the Chu river near the Kazakh border. The republic’s six provinces (oblast) and provincial capitals (proceeding from west to east and north to south): Talas, capital Talas; Chüy (Chu; capital Bishkek, also capital of the republic); Ysyk-Köl (Issyk-Kul), capital Karakol (Przhevalsk); Jalal- Abad, capital Jalal-Abad; Osh, capital Osh; Naryn, capital Naryn. Tajikistan Area: 143,100 squre kilometers (55,251 square miles); it is the smallest of the five Central Asian republics (after Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan). Population (in 1994): 5,751,000.Density per square kilometer: 40.2. Ethnic composition (according to the 1989 census): Tajik 62.3%, Uzbek 23.5%, Russian 7.6%; the rest consists of smaller groups that include Tatars, Germans, and Jews.Noteworthy is the large Uzbek minority, present chiefly in the mixed Tajik-Uzbek area along the Uzbek border and in the northwestern protrusion around the city of Khujand. Another special group is the Pamiris, inhabitants of the eastern half of the republic, the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (63,700 square kilometers).They speak an Iranian dialect of their own but are included among the speakers of Tajik in the census. Official language: Tajik, an Iranian idiom virtually identical to Persian, the language of Iran; it is written in the Cyrillic alphabet, although projects for increased use of the Arabic alphabet or of the Roman script have been proposed and partly implemented in the case of the former. Religion: Historically, Tajiks are Sunni Muslims of the Hanafite school; the Pamiris, however, also differ in this respect by adhering to Shiite
Islam’s Ismailite form, a denomination that recognizes the Agha Khan as its spiritual head. Capital: Dushanbe (602,000 inhabitants according in 1990); it was called Stalinabad between 1929 and 1956. Currency: the rouble.1 rouble100 kopeks. Appendix 2 335 Geopolitical situation: Tajikistan’s neighbors are, on the south, Afghanistan; on the east, China (more exactly, her Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region); on the north, Kyrgyzstan; and on the west, Uzbekistan.The republic’s fairly rectangular shape is broken on the northwest by an extension in a northeasterly direction, encompassing the city of Khujand and protruding into the Ferghana valley.This extension, correctly expressing the ethnolinguistic distribution of the population (despite the abovementioned Uzbek minority), has nevertheless created an intricate gerrymander involving three republics – Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan The republic’s four provinces (viloyat) and one autonomous region (viloyati avtonomi): Leninobod (Leninabad), capital Khujand; Dushanbe, capital Dushanbe; also capital of the republic, called Stalinabad between 1926 and 1961); Qurghonteppa (Kurgan-Tiube), capital Qurghonteppa; Khatlon (Kuliab), capital Kulob; and Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuhi (Gorno-Badakhshanskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast, “Mountain- Badakhshan AR”), capital Khorugh (Khorog). Turkmenistan Area: 488,100 square kilometers (188,456 square miles). Population (in 1995): 4,483,300.Density per square kilometer: 8.7. Ethnic composition (1993 estimate): Turkmen 73.3%, Russian 9.8%, Uzbek 9%, Kazakh 2.0%. Official language: Turkmen, a Turkic language of the Oghuz group closely related to the Turkish of Turkey; it is written in the Cyrillic script, but there is a plan to switch to the Roman script.
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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74 A history of Inner Asia the Saha
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76 A history of Inner Asia Ilig (al
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78 A history of Inner Asia at the e
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80 A history of Inner Asia factor h
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82 A history of Inner Asia for that
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84 A history of Inner Asia confeder
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86 A history of Inner Asia tioned F
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88 A history of Inner Asia between
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90 A history of Inner Asia that the
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92 A history of Inner Asia Signific
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94 A history of Inner Asia they see
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96 A history of Inner Asia campaign
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98 A history of Inner Asia for an e
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100 A history of Inner Asia assets,
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Moscow Russian Principalities GOLDE
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104 A history of Inner Asia absent,
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106 A history of Inner Asia elimina
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108 A history of Inner Asia end to
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110 A history of Inner Asia members
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112 A history of Inner Asia in the
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114 A history of Inner Asia unprece
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116 A history of Inner Asia Some tw
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118 A history of Inner Asia madrasa
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120 A history of Inner Asia a still
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122 A history of Inner Asia Chaghat
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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns,
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126 A history of Inner Asia of Tran
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128 A history of Inner Asia Ulugh B
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130 A history of Inner Asia an unde
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132 A history of Inner Asia the wor
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134 A history of Inner Asia known b
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136 A history of Inner Asia almost
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138 A history of Inner Asia Sammasi
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140 A history of Inner Asia The abo
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142 A history of Inner Asia formal
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chapter ten The last Timurids and t
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146 A history of Inner Asia usually
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148 A history of Inner Asia of anot
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150 A history of Inner Asia they wo
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152 A history of Inner Asia leader,
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154 A history of Inner Asia imate t
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156 A history of Inner Asia between
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158 A history of Inner Asia 1580 Kh
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160 A history of Inner Asia 1380s.O
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chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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164 A history of Inner Asia the lat
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166 A history of Inner Asia religio
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168 A history of Inner Asia however
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170 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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172 A history of Inner Asia place.I
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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182 A history of Inner Asia by then
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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186 A history of Inner Asia For 372
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188 A history of Inner Asia the wes
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190 A history of Inner Asia Khoqand
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192 A history of Inner Asia the fai
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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196 A history of Inner Asia prestig
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200 A history of Inner Asia We may
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202 A history of Inner Asia One fin
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204 A history of Inner Asia extent
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206 A history of Inner Asia modern
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208 A history of Inner Asia in whic
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210 A history of Inner Asia newspap
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212 A history of Inner Asia Central
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214 A history of Inner Asia and mil
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216 A history of Inner Asia Republi
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218 A history of Inner Asia began t
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220 A history of Inner Asia Communi
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222 A history of Inner Asia their s
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228 A history of Inner Asia adoptio
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246 A history of Inner Asia to succ
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248 A history of Inner Asia atheism
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250 A history of Inner Asia chauvin
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252 A history of Inner Asia Thy han
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chapter eighteen Central Asia becom
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256 A history of Inner Asia power a
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258 A history of Inner Asia as it d
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260 A history of Inner Asia of 1917
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262 A history of Inner Asia overwhe
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Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) RUSSIA
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266 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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268 A history of Inner Asia some ba
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270 A history of Inner Asia gees, s
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272 A history of Inner Asia In 1941
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274 A history of Inner Asia the poi
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Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
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UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
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Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kaza
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282 A history of Inner Asia for ass
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Page 312 and 313: Amur Railroad Moscow-Beijing via Ul
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Page 332 and 333: Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
Page 334 and 335: 318 Appendix 1 13.Hasan (1130-32),
Page 336 and 337: 320 Appendix 1 (d) Anushtiginids, o
Page 338 and 339: 322 Appendix 1 21.Qazan (1343-46),
Page 340 and 341: 324 Appendix 1 Timurid (non-Genghis
Page 342 and 343: 326 Appendix 1 x.Yar Muhammad 1.Jan
Page 344 and 345: 328 Appendix 1 25.Abu l-Ghazi III (
Page 346 and 347: 330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
Page 348 and 349: 332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
Page 352 and 353: 336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
Page 354 and 355: 338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
Page 356 and 357: 340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
Page 358 and 359: 342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
Page 360 and 361: 344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
Page 362 and 363: 346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
Page 364 and 365: 348 Select bibliography Language Pl
Page 366 and 367: 350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
Page 368 and 369: 352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
Page 370 and 371: 354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
Page 372 and 373: 356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
Page 374 and 375: 358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
Page 376 and 377: Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
Page 378 and 379: 362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283
Page 380 and 381: 364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petro
Page 382 and 383: 366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission
Page 384 and 385: 368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashk
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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