A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kazakhstan) KAZAKHSTAN K A Z A K H S T A N Kyzyl-orda Jambul KYRGYZSTAN Naryn Chimkent Aral Sea (Uzbekistan) Karakalpak Muinsk Autonomous Amu Darya Delta Nukus Republic Kunya Ugench Muruntay Tashkent Kyzylkum Desert Khiya Zarafshan KYRGYZSTAN Karakum Desert TURKMENISTAN Samarkand Bukhara Dushanbe TAJIKISTAN Karshi Amu Darya A F G H A N I S T A N Map 12 Uzbekistan
Independent Central Asian Republics 281 that there is no central government or authority in Moscow ruling its subordinates in the republics. Why did the Central Asians even bother to join the new commonwealth? For practical reasons.Obviously, decades of Moscow’s rule, central economic planning and population movement had created bonds that, although not indissoluble (one of the favorite slogans of the former regime), were deemed worth keeping if modified in positive, mutually beneficial directions. The legacy of the past of course includes problems and even scars of many kinds.One is the simple fact that much of the political leadership and bureaucratic infrastructure still is the same as before: the same Communist bureaucrats and their obedient staff are at the helm of the newly independent countries.Four out of the five republics have members of the former Communist elite as presidents: the Uzbek Islam Karimov, the Kazakh Nursultan Nazarbaev, the Turkmen Saparmurad Niyazov, and the Tajik Imomali Rakhmonov; Askar Akaev, President of Kyrgyzstan, is the only exception (he too appears to have been a member of the Party, but not as a career politician).Delegates of the recent Communist parties fill the parliaments, and offices are staffed by the same bureaucrats as before.Most of these people depended on the Soviet system for their careers, privileges, and livelihood, and we could be tempted to view their roles since 1991 with skepticism.The chief political parties in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are the Communist ones, except that they sport new names (“People’s Democratic Party [of Uzbekistan”] and “Democratic Party of Turkmenistan”), while that of Tajikistan did not even bother to change its name (those of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, briefly banned, were revived under their old names without, however, regaining power as the ruling parties).Worse still, opposition parties and individuals championing a free political process have been mistreated by the government of Uzbekistan to a degree hardly compatible with true democracy; the situation has been similar in Turkmenistan, where moreover the personality cult, symptomatic of many former colonies now ruled by “strongman regimes,” has reached almost pathological proportions: the President, Saparmurad Niyazov, has demanded and received an adulation comparable only to that enjoyed by Stalin (or by such present-day leaders as Saddam Hussein and Muammar Kadhafi), and like the great Soviet dictator, he found his civilian name incapable of expressing his greatness: he is now known as Turkmenbashy, “Chief of the Turkmens.” In all fairness to Stalin, we have to admit that the “Russian” dictator could plead a sensible reason
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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74 A history of Inner Asia the Saha
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76 A history of Inner Asia Ilig (al
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78 A history of Inner Asia at the e
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80 A history of Inner Asia factor h
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82 A history of Inner Asia for that
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84 A history of Inner Asia confeder
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86 A history of Inner Asia tioned F
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88 A history of Inner Asia between
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90 A history of Inner Asia that the
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92 A history of Inner Asia Signific
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94 A history of Inner Asia they see
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96 A history of Inner Asia campaign
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98 A history of Inner Asia for an e
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100 A history of Inner Asia assets,
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Moscow Russian Principalities GOLDE
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104 A history of Inner Asia absent,
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106 A history of Inner Asia elimina
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108 A history of Inner Asia end to
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110 A history of Inner Asia members
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112 A history of Inner Asia in the
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114 A history of Inner Asia unprece
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116 A history of Inner Asia Some tw
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118 A history of Inner Asia madrasa
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120 A history of Inner Asia a still
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122 A history of Inner Asia Chaghat
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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns,
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126 A history of Inner Asia of Tran
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128 A history of Inner Asia Ulugh B
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130 A history of Inner Asia an unde
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132 A history of Inner Asia the wor
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134 A history of Inner Asia known b
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136 A history of Inner Asia almost
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138 A history of Inner Asia Sammasi
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140 A history of Inner Asia The abo
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142 A history of Inner Asia formal
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chapter ten The last Timurids and t
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146 A history of Inner Asia usually
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148 A history of Inner Asia of anot
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150 A history of Inner Asia they wo
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152 A history of Inner Asia leader,
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154 A history of Inner Asia imate t
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156 A history of Inner Asia between
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158 A history of Inner Asia 1580 Kh
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160 A history of Inner Asia 1380s.O
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chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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164 A history of Inner Asia the lat
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166 A history of Inner Asia religio
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168 A history of Inner Asia however
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170 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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172 A history of Inner Asia place.I
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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182 A history of Inner Asia by then
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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186 A history of Inner Asia For 372
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188 A history of Inner Asia the wes
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190 A history of Inner Asia Khoqand
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192 A history of Inner Asia the fai
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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196 A history of Inner Asia prestig
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198 A history of Inner Asia about R
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200 A history of Inner Asia We may
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202 A history of Inner Asia One fin
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204 A history of Inner Asia extent
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206 A history of Inner Asia modern
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208 A history of Inner Asia in whic
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210 A history of Inner Asia newspap
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212 A history of Inner Asia Central
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214 A history of Inner Asia and mil
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216 A history of Inner Asia Republi
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218 A history of Inner Asia began t
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220 A history of Inner Asia Communi
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222 A history of Inner Asia their s
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224 A history of Inner Asia An esse
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226 A history of Inner Asia besides
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228 A history of Inner Asia adoptio
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Page 292 and 293: Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
Page 294 and 295: UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
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Page 332 and 333: Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
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330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
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332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
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334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; i
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336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
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338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
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340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
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342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
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344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
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346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
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348 Select bibliography Language Pl
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350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
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352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
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354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
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356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
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358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
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Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
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362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283
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364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petro
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366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission
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368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashk
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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