A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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Amur Railroad Moscow-Beijing via Ulaanbaatar I I I I I I I RUSSIA Lake Baikal Angara I I I I I I I I I I RUSSIA Chita Big Khem Yenisei Argun Ulan-Ude I I I I I I I I I I I I I Irkutsk Irtysh Ka Khem Kyzyl Onon Kiakhta I I I I I I I I CHINA Ulaanbaatar I I I Choibalsan I Kerufen I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Uliasutai Karakorum Kobdo Black Irtysh Railroad to Beijing G o b i Dalan Dzadgad G o b i Mongolia Map 13 Mongolia
chapter twenty-one The Republic of Mongolia When the Uzbeks and other Central Asians declared independence in 1991, it was not only a liberation from Russian rule but also from a tyrannical ideology.The significance of the latter dimension is illustrated by the case of Mongolia.This Soviet satellite did not need to declare independence, for it had enjoyed the privilege of being independent since its creation in 1921, if only because it was Moscow’s faithful ally not by force but by choice.It did need, however, the latter liberation, and it too attained it thanks to the bloodless revolution unwittingly unleashed by Mikhail Gorbachev. The Communist system, which had initially wrought transformations beneficial to Mongolia, had begun to stagnate in a way similar to its evolution in the Soviet Union; and here the country’s status as Russia’s mirror image once more brought good dividends when first glasnost and perestroika jumped the border and spread to Mongolia as well, and then again when the collapse of Communism in Russia allowed the Mongols too to shed this straitjacket. brief history since 1911 We have related in Chapter 13 how between 1691 and 1911 Mongolia was a personal dependency of the Manchu Dynasty ruling China. Toward the end of that period it also began to be called Outer Mongolia (an appellation somewhat resented by the Mongols themselves), in contrast to Inner Mongolia, the territory along its southeastern border inhabited by Mongols but administratively integrated into China. Emancipation from Manchu rule occurred in 1911 with that dynasty’s collapse and replacement by the Republic of China.Chinese claims to suzerainty over Mongolia reappeared, however, by 1915, and in 1919 Beijing’s troops reoccupied the country.They were driven out in 1921 at the end of a bizarre conflict that pitted three sides against each other: 297
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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74 A history of Inner Asia the Saha
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76 A history of Inner Asia Ilig (al
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78 A history of Inner Asia at the e
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80 A history of Inner Asia factor h
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82 A history of Inner Asia for that
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84 A history of Inner Asia confeder
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86 A history of Inner Asia tioned F
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88 A history of Inner Asia between
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90 A history of Inner Asia that the
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92 A history of Inner Asia Signific
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94 A history of Inner Asia they see
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96 A history of Inner Asia campaign
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98 A history of Inner Asia for an e
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100 A history of Inner Asia assets,
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Moscow Russian Principalities GOLDE
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104 A history of Inner Asia absent,
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106 A history of Inner Asia elimina
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108 A history of Inner Asia end to
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110 A history of Inner Asia members
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112 A history of Inner Asia in the
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114 A history of Inner Asia unprece
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116 A history of Inner Asia Some tw
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118 A history of Inner Asia madrasa
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120 A history of Inner Asia a still
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122 A history of Inner Asia Chaghat
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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns,
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126 A history of Inner Asia of Tran
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128 A history of Inner Asia Ulugh B
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130 A history of Inner Asia an unde
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132 A history of Inner Asia the wor
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134 A history of Inner Asia known b
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136 A history of Inner Asia almost
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138 A history of Inner Asia Sammasi
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140 A history of Inner Asia The abo
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142 A history of Inner Asia formal
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chapter ten The last Timurids and t
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146 A history of Inner Asia usually
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148 A history of Inner Asia of anot
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150 A history of Inner Asia they wo
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152 A history of Inner Asia leader,
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154 A history of Inner Asia imate t
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156 A history of Inner Asia between
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158 A history of Inner Asia 1580 Kh
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160 A history of Inner Asia 1380s.O
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chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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164 A history of Inner Asia the lat
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166 A history of Inner Asia religio
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168 A history of Inner Asia however
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170 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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172 A history of Inner Asia place.I
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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182 A history of Inner Asia by then
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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186 A history of Inner Asia For 372
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188 A history of Inner Asia the wes
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190 A history of Inner Asia Khoqand
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192 A history of Inner Asia the fai
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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196 A history of Inner Asia prestig
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198 A history of Inner Asia about R
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200 A history of Inner Asia We may
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202 A history of Inner Asia One fin
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204 A history of Inner Asia extent
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206 A history of Inner Asia modern
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208 A history of Inner Asia in whic
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210 A history of Inner Asia newspap
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212 A history of Inner Asia Central
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214 A history of Inner Asia and mil
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216 A history of Inner Asia Republi
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218 A history of Inner Asia began t
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220 A history of Inner Asia Communi
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222 A history of Inner Asia their s
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224 A history of Inner Asia An esse
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226 A history of Inner Asia besides
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228 A history of Inner Asia adoptio
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230 A history of Inner Asia it.It i
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232 A history of Inner Asia of the
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234 A history of Inner Asia had led
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236 A history of Inner Asia they st
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238 A history of Inner Asia grave o
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240 A history of Inner Asia disappr
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242 A history of Inner Asia Alim Kh
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244 A history of Inner Asia the fin
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Page 270 and 271: chapter eighteen Central Asia becom
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Page 278 and 279: 262 A history of Inner Asia overwhe
Page 280 and 281: Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) RUSSIA
Page 282 and 283: 266 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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Page 288 and 289: 272 A history of Inner Asia In 1941
Page 290 and 291: 274 A history of Inner Asia the poi
Page 292 and 293: Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
Page 294 and 295: UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
Page 296 and 297: Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kaza
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Page 300 and 301: 284 A history of Inner Asia growing
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Page 332 and 333: Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
Page 334 and 335: 318 Appendix 1 13.Hasan (1130-32),
Page 336 and 337: 320 Appendix 1 (d) Anushtiginids, o
Page 338 and 339: 322 Appendix 1 21.Qazan (1343-46),
Page 340 and 341: 324 Appendix 1 Timurid (non-Genghis
Page 342 and 343: 326 Appendix 1 x.Yar Muhammad 1.Jan
Page 344 and 345: 328 Appendix 1 25.Abu l-Ghazi III (
Page 346 and 347: 330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
Page 348 and 349: 332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
Page 350 and 351: 334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; i
Page 352 and 353: 336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
Page 354 and 355: 338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
Page 356 and 357: 340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
Page 358 and 359: 342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
Page 360 and 361: 344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
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346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
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348 Select bibliography Language Pl
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350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
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352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
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354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
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356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
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358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
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Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
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362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283
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364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petro
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366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission
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368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashk
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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