A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich von, Tsarist officer and second governor-general of Turkestan, 203 Kazakh Hordes, tribal confederations in premodern Kazakhstan, 195–7 Kazakhs, 145, 161, 195–7 Kazakhstan, viii–xi, 6, 22, 24, 27–8, 216, 331–3 Kazan: Khanate of, 28; capital of Tatarstan, viii, xi, 9 Kerulen or Keluren, a river in eastern Mongolia, 19 Khalq Shurasi, “People’s Council,” parliament of the short-lived Khoqand experiment, 214 khangah, a lodge of sufi dervishes, 37 Khans of Khiva see Yadigarids, Inaqids Khazar qaghanate, 9, 28 Khitan, Qitan, proto-Mongol people who conquered northern China and ruled with the dynastic name Liao, 81–2 Khiva, a city in south-eastern Khwarazm, capital and name of the last two khanates in the region, 7, 181–6, 327–8 Khojaev, Fayzulla, a Bukharan and Uzbek public figure, 218, 237 Khoqand, a city in western Fergana, 9; Khanate of, 187–93; center of the Khoqand experiment, 213–15 Khorezm, People’s Republic of, 221–2 Khorug, capital of Gorn-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, 13 Khudayar Khan, the penultimate khan of the Khanate of Khoqand, 193 Khujand, a city in north-western Tajikistan, 14; called Leninabad in the Soviet period Khurasan, a historic region in southern Central Asia, 6, 10, 14, 47 khwaja, a Persian title of respect that can mean a sufi shaykh, 37 Khwajas, dynasty of, see Aqtaghliq, Qarataghliq Khwarazm, a historic region in western Central Asia, 6–8, 47 Khwarazmshahs, 58–9, 106–7, 319–20 Kiakhta, a town on the Russian side of the Mongolian border, 21 Kipchak, name of a large group of Turkic tribes and languages in Kazakhstan and the Pontic steppes, 33 Kipchak steppe see Dasht-i Kipchak Kök Turks, 21, 46, 51–6, 64–5 Kolbin, Gennadiy, a Russian, replaced the Kazakh Kunaev as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, 260–1 Kopet Dagh, mountains along the Turkmen–Iranian border, 10 korenizatsiya (“nativization”), 255 Krasnovodsk, a port and railroad terminus on the Caspian coast of Turkmenistan, 10; now officially called Turkmenbashy Kubra, Najm al-Din, founder of the Kubraviya order of dervishes, 38, 249 Kubraviya order of dervishes, 37 Küchlüg, a Nayman chieftain and brief master of Central Asia, suppressed by the Mongols, 100 Kuchum Khan, the last ruler of the Khanate of Sibir, 163 Kül-tegin, a Kök-Türk prince, mentioned in the Orkhon inscriptions, 54 Kulja, a city in northern Sinkiang, 263 Kunaev, Dinmukhamed, a Kazakh, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, replaced by Kolbin, an ethnic Russian, 255–6 Kungrad or Kungrat, Turco-Mongol tribes speaking Kipchak Turkic, 186–7, 328 küregen, gurgan, “son-in-law,” a title used by Timur, 125 Kuropatkin, A.N., the last governor-general of Tsarist Turkestan, 205, 209 Kushan Empire, 11 Kushk, a river in northern Afghanistan and southern Turkmenistan, 10 Kushka, a town and railroad terminus on the Turkmen side of the border, 10–11 Kyrgyz, 21, 81–2, 159–60 Kyrgyzstan, viii–xi, 21, 24, 334–5 Kyzyl kum or Kyzylkum , a desert in Uzbekistan, 2 Kyzyl Orda, 25, 27; previously called Akmeshit and Perovsk Kyzylsu, a river in Kyrgyzstan, 12, 16 Lecoq, Albert von, German archaeologist in Turfan, 268 Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 211, 219, 250–3 literacy, 230 “Little Bukhara,” a nickname for Sinkiang, 178 Loyang, one of the two capitals of Tang China, 52 Macartney, George, British consul in Kashgar, 269 Madali Khan, khan of Khoqand, 191–2 Mahmud of Ghazna, 97–8 Malik Shah I, Seljukid sultan, 95–6 Mamay, the usurper khan of the Golden
Horde defeated by Dimitriy Donskoy, 121 Manchu or Ching, the last dynasty to rule China, 263–4 Manghits, a non-Genghisid dynasty of emirs, the last to rule the Emirate of Bukhara, 180–1, 326 Manichaeism, 49 Mansur Khan, a Chaghatayid khan in Sinkiang, 121, 165 Mawarannahr see Transoxania mazar, shrine and site of pious visits, 38, 248 Mazar-i Sharif, a city and shrine in northern Afghanistan, 11, 247 Mecca, 47, 52 Medina, 47, 52 Merv, metropolis of historical Khurasan, now an archaeological site in Turkmenistan, 10–11, 199 metallurgy, 3 Ming dynasty of Khoqand, 189, 326–7 Mir Arab madrasa, Bukhara, one of the two functioning Islamic seminaries under Soviet rule, 230 Moghulistan, 23, 24, 120–1 Möngke, a grandson of Genghis Khan, his third successor, 110–11 Mongolia, viii–xi, 297–302, 339–40 Mongols, xi, 31 Buddhist, 167–9 conquering, 103–11 western: see Oirats, Kalmyks, Jungars Mughals, name of the Timurid dynasty in India founded by Babur, 155 Muhammad, the Prophet, 47 multi-party democracy, 305–6 Muqanna, self-styled prophet of a sect fighting the Arabs in Transoxania, 65 Murghab, a river in Turkmenistan feeding the oasis of Merv, 10 Nadira, Madali Khan’s wife and a poetess, 191 Nadir Shah, 179 Najaf, a town in Iraq and burial place of Ali, 11 Nanlu, “Southern Route,” name applied in the Manchu period to southern Sinkiang, 16–17; see also Peilu Naqshband, Baha al-Din, founder of the Naqshbandiya order of dervishes, 137–9 Naqshbandiya order of dervishes, 37–8, 137–9, 156–9 national delimitation see natsionalnoe razmezhevanie nationalism, 238 Index 365 nationalization, 230–1 natsionalnoe razmezhevanie, 33, 222–5 Navai, Mir Ali Shir, a Chaghatay poet and public figure in Timurid Herat, 133–5 Nazarbaev, Nursultan, president of Kazakhstan, 261, 281 “near abroad,” a recently formulated Russian concept of Central Asia, 315 Nebit Dag, a town in western Turkmenistan in a natural gas-rich region, 7 negdel, Mongol collective farm, 300 Nishapur, a historic city in Persian Khurasan, 10 Niyaz, Khoja, an Uighur nationalist leader in Kashgar, 271 Niyazi, Hamza Hakimzade, an Uzbek Bolshevik teacher and propagandist, 247 Niyazov, Saparmurat, president of Turkmenistan, now also offically called Turkmenbashy (“Chief of the Turkmens”), 281–2 nomads, 1–3, 23, 27, 41, 236 Novorossiysk, a port on the Black Sea and terminus of an oil pipeline from Kazakhstan, 288 nuclear testing, 236 Nukus, capital of Karakalpakistan, 337 Numijkat (original name of Bukhara), 5 Ögedey, third son and first successor of Genghis Khan, 19, 107 Oghuz, one of the main groups of Turkic tribes and languages, 27, 93–5 oil, 287–8 Oirats or Western Mongols, 21, 169; see also Kalmyks, Jungars Omsk, a city in western Siberia, seat of the governor of the Governorate-General Steppe, 201 Onon, a river in eastern Mongolia, 19 Ordos, Mongol tribes in Inner Mongolia, 20 Orenburg, a city in southern Russia and gateway to Kazakhstan, 27 Orkhon, a river and valley in Mongolia, center of three steppe empires (Kök Turkic, Uighur, Mongol), 19 Orkhon inscriptions, 53–5 Osh, a town in western Kyrgyzstan marked by a large Uzbek minority, 292 Otrar, an intersection on the Syr Darya, 25, 26, 106, 125 Ottoman Empire, 162–3, 257 Outer Mongolia, x Oxus see Amu Darya
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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74 A history of Inner Asia the Saha
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76 A history of Inner Asia Ilig (al
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78 A history of Inner Asia at the e
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80 A history of Inner Asia factor h
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82 A history of Inner Asia for that
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84 A history of Inner Asia confeder
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86 A history of Inner Asia tioned F
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88 A history of Inner Asia between
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90 A history of Inner Asia that the
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92 A history of Inner Asia Signific
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94 A history of Inner Asia they see
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96 A history of Inner Asia campaign
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98 A history of Inner Asia for an e
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100 A history of Inner Asia assets,
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Moscow Russian Principalities GOLDE
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104 A history of Inner Asia absent,
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106 A history of Inner Asia elimina
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108 A history of Inner Asia end to
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110 A history of Inner Asia members
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112 A history of Inner Asia in the
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114 A history of Inner Asia unprece
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116 A history of Inner Asia Some tw
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118 A history of Inner Asia madrasa
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120 A history of Inner Asia a still
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122 A history of Inner Asia Chaghat
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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns,
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126 A history of Inner Asia of Tran
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128 A history of Inner Asia Ulugh B
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130 A history of Inner Asia an unde
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132 A history of Inner Asia the wor
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134 A history of Inner Asia known b
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136 A history of Inner Asia almost
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138 A history of Inner Asia Sammasi
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140 A history of Inner Asia The abo
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142 A history of Inner Asia formal
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chapter ten The last Timurids and t
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146 A history of Inner Asia usually
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148 A history of Inner Asia of anot
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150 A history of Inner Asia they wo
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152 A history of Inner Asia leader,
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154 A history of Inner Asia imate t
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156 A history of Inner Asia between
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158 A history of Inner Asia 1580 Kh
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160 A history of Inner Asia 1380s.O
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chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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164 A history of Inner Asia the lat
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166 A history of Inner Asia religio
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168 A history of Inner Asia however
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170 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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172 A history of Inner Asia place.I
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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182 A history of Inner Asia by then
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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186 A history of Inner Asia For 372
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188 A history of Inner Asia the wes
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190 A history of Inner Asia Khoqand
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192 A history of Inner Asia the fai
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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196 A history of Inner Asia prestig
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198 A history of Inner Asia about R
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200 A history of Inner Asia We may
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202 A history of Inner Asia One fin
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204 A history of Inner Asia extent
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206 A history of Inner Asia modern
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208 A history of Inner Asia in whic
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210 A history of Inner Asia newspap
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212 A history of Inner Asia Central
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214 A history of Inner Asia and mil
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216 A history of Inner Asia Republi
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218 A history of Inner Asia began t
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220 A history of Inner Asia Communi
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222 A history of Inner Asia their s
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224 A history of Inner Asia An esse
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226 A history of Inner Asia besides
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228 A history of Inner Asia adoptio
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230 A history of Inner Asia it.It i
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232 A history of Inner Asia of the
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234 A history of Inner Asia had led
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236 A history of Inner Asia they st
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238 A history of Inner Asia grave o
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240 A history of Inner Asia disappr
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242 A history of Inner Asia Alim Kh
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244 A history of Inner Asia the fin
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246 A history of Inner Asia to succ
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248 A history of Inner Asia atheism
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250 A history of Inner Asia chauvin
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252 A history of Inner Asia Thy han
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chapter eighteen Central Asia becom
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256 A history of Inner Asia power a
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258 A history of Inner Asia as it d
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260 A history of Inner Asia of 1917
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262 A history of Inner Asia overwhe
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Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) RUSSIA
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266 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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268 A history of Inner Asia some ba
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270 A history of Inner Asia gees, s
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272 A history of Inner Asia In 1941
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274 A history of Inner Asia the poi
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Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
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UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
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Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kaza
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282 A history of Inner Asia for ass
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284 A history of Inner Asia growing
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286 A history of Inner Asia that th
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288 A history of Inner Asia port, o
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290 A history of Inner Asia border
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292 A history of Inner Asia Coopera
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294 A history of Inner Asia slow an
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Amur Railroad Moscow-Beijing via Ul
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298 A history of Inner Asia the Chi
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300 A history of Inner Asia 1940 in
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302 A history of Inner Asia multipa
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304 A history of Inner Asia A signi
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306 A history of Inner Asia into ja
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308 A history of Inner Asia as the
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310 A history of Inner Asia near th
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312 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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Page 332 and 333: Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
Page 334 and 335: 318 Appendix 1 13.Hasan (1130-32),
Page 336 and 337: 320 Appendix 1 (d) Anushtiginids, o
Page 338 and 339: 322 Appendix 1 21.Qazan (1343-46),
Page 340 and 341: 324 Appendix 1 Timurid (non-Genghis
Page 342 and 343: 326 Appendix 1 x.Yar Muhammad 1.Jan
Page 344 and 345: 328 Appendix 1 25.Abu l-Ghazi III (
Page 346 and 347: 330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
Page 348 and 349: 332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
Page 350 and 351: 334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; i
Page 352 and 353: 336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
Page 354 and 355: 338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
Page 356 and 357: 340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
Page 358 and 359: 342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
Page 360 and 361: 344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
Page 362 and 363: 346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
Page 364 and 365: 348 Select bibliography Language Pl
Page 366 and 367: 350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
Page 368 and 369: 352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
Page 370 and 371: 354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
Page 372 and 373: 356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
Page 374 and 375: 358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
Page 376 and 377: Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
Page 378 and 379: 362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283
Page 382 and 383: 366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission
Page 384 and 385: 368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashk
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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