A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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252 A history of Inner Asia Thy hand holds the key to treasures of riches, In thy garden and desert a happy year’s song, Left and right thy gold and thy silk; How many the peoples enrapt in thy path, Thou art fruit and wine and water and cake, Thou art twin rivers of love, Thou, Uzbekistan. Thou art thine own machine builder, thine own livestock breeder, Thine own scholar, thine own cultural worker. Thou art volunteer soldier, noble guide, A storehouse of cotton priceless, without peer, Thy soul Lenin’s child forever, Thou, Uzbekistan! Like Aitmatov and Qodirov, Mirtemir was a member of the Communist Party, and like all of his compatriots who did not wish to become needless martyrs, he was paying the dues to the Caesar in Moscow and his deputies in Central Asia.The ritual reference to Lenin (and, in the case of an Uzbek, to cotton) was a standard means of evading the everpresent danger of the Inquisition. Here are a few excerpts from the Turkmen poem: Between the Oxus River and the Caspian, over the desert blows the Turkmen’s gale. The rose-bud, the black pupil of my eye – The Turkmen’s torrent descends from the black mountain. God has raised him and placed him under His shadow, his herds and flocks range over the steppe. Blossoms of many hues crowd his green summer pasture – the Turkmen’s steppe drowns in basil’s scent. His fair maidens appear clad in red and green, spreading their ambergris-like fragrance. Begs and elders are the lords of the land – guardians of the Turkmen’s beautiful homeland. He is a warrior’s son, a warrior was his father; Goroghli is his brother, inebriated are his senses; Should foes pursue him in mountains or plains – they could not take the Turkmen, the tiger’s son, alive. …Tribes are like brothers, clans are friends; their fate is not adverse, they are God’s rays. When warriors mount their horses, it is for battle – The Turkmen sets out against the foe!
Soviet Central Asia 253 He sets out in high spirits, his heart is not faint; he splits the mountains, his road is not blocked. My eye’s glance and heart’s pleasure seek no other scenes – Magtymguly speaks the Turkmen’s tongue! 12 The Soviet government obviously considered such expressions of national feelings harmless, because the people who harbored them also gave impression of accepting their national anthems and all the other paraphernalia of Soviet patriotism imposed by Moscow.One can suspect, however, that if this poem had been composed by a living Turkmen, the Inquisition would not have spared him unless some kind of homage to Lenin or Russia had been tagged on to it.Magtymguly could “get away with it” because he was long dead, and his publishers could too because official Soviet historiography endeavored to cast some of his poems as a protest against “feudal” or “obscurantist Islamic” elements. Things might indeed have continued in the same manner for yet another generation if it hadn’t been for the historical accident (or inevitability?) of Mikhail Gorbachev. 12 W.Feldman, “Interpreting the poetry of Makhtumquli,” in Jo-Ann Gross (ed.), Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of identity and change (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1992), pp. 167–89 (includes the Turkmen text and English translation).The Turkmen text of the poem has also been included in Zindaginamah va barguzidah-i ashar-i Makhtumquli Firaghi (Biography and selection of poems of Makhtumquli Firaghi, in Persian), ed.Abd al-Rahman Dihji (Tehran, 1373/1994), pp.227–28 (Arabic script).
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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74 A history of Inner Asia the Saha
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76 A history of Inner Asia Ilig (al
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78 A history of Inner Asia at the e
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80 A history of Inner Asia factor h
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82 A history of Inner Asia for that
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84 A history of Inner Asia confeder
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86 A history of Inner Asia tioned F
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88 A history of Inner Asia between
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90 A history of Inner Asia that the
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92 A history of Inner Asia Signific
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94 A history of Inner Asia they see
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96 A history of Inner Asia campaign
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98 A history of Inner Asia for an e
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100 A history of Inner Asia assets,
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Moscow Russian Principalities GOLDE
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104 A history of Inner Asia absent,
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106 A history of Inner Asia elimina
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108 A history of Inner Asia end to
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110 A history of Inner Asia members
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112 A history of Inner Asia in the
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114 A history of Inner Asia unprece
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116 A history of Inner Asia Some tw
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118 A history of Inner Asia madrasa
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120 A history of Inner Asia a still
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122 A history of Inner Asia Chaghat
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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns,
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126 A history of Inner Asia of Tran
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128 A history of Inner Asia Ulugh B
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130 A history of Inner Asia an unde
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132 A history of Inner Asia the wor
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134 A history of Inner Asia known b
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136 A history of Inner Asia almost
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138 A history of Inner Asia Sammasi
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140 A history of Inner Asia The abo
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142 A history of Inner Asia formal
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chapter ten The last Timurids and t
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146 A history of Inner Asia usually
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148 A history of Inner Asia of anot
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150 A history of Inner Asia they wo
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152 A history of Inner Asia leader,
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154 A history of Inner Asia imate t
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156 A history of Inner Asia between
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158 A history of Inner Asia 1580 Kh
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160 A history of Inner Asia 1380s.O
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chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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164 A history of Inner Asia the lat
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166 A history of Inner Asia religio
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168 A history of Inner Asia however
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170 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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172 A history of Inner Asia place.I
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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182 A history of Inner Asia by then
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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186 A history of Inner Asia For 372
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188 A history of Inner Asia the wes
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190 A history of Inner Asia Khoqand
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192 A history of Inner Asia the fai
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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196 A history of Inner Asia prestig
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198 A history of Inner Asia about R
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200 A history of Inner Asia We may
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Page 280 and 281: Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) RUSSIA
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Page 292 and 293: Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
Page 294 and 295: UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
Page 296 and 297: Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kaza
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302 A history of Inner Asia multipa
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304 A history of Inner Asia A signi
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306 A history of Inner Asia into ja
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308 A history of Inner Asia as the
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310 A history of Inner Asia near th
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312 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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314 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
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318 Appendix 1 13.Hasan (1130-32),
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320 Appendix 1 (d) Anushtiginids, o
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322 Appendix 1 21.Qazan (1343-46),
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324 Appendix 1 Timurid (non-Genghis
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326 Appendix 1 x.Yar Muhammad 1.Jan
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328 Appendix 1 25.Abu l-Ghazi III (
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330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
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332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
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334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; i
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336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
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338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
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340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
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342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
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344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
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346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
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348 Select bibliography Language Pl
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350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
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352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
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354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
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356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
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358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
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Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
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362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283
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364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petro
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366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission
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368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashk
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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