A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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366 Index Pamir Boundary Commission (1895), 199 Pamirs, a mountain knot in eastern Tajikistan, 2 Panj, name of the upper course of the Amu Darya, 12–13 Panjikent, an archaeological site in northwestern Tajikistan, 4, 5 Pan-Turkism, 33 paper, manufacture of, 69 “Parallel Islam,” 246 Parsa, Muhammad, a Naqshbandi shaykh, 138, 140 Peilu, “Northern Route,” name applied in the Manchu period to northern Sinkiang, 17; see also Nanlu Pelliot, Paul, a French archaeologist, 268 Perovsk see Akmeshit, Kyzyl Orda Persian language, 72, 76 Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia, 175, 186, 196 pipeline, oil, from Kazakhstan to Novorossiysk, 288 pir, a sufi master, 37 plague, 116 Proclamation, issued by the Bolsheviks to the Muslims of Russia, 211 Pulat or Pulad Khan, a Kazakh khan defeated by the Kalmyks, 174 Pulatov, Abdurahim, a contemporary Uzbek activist, 304 Pushkin, Alexander, Russian poet, 234 Pushto, Pashto, 32 Qadiriya order of dervishes, the only nonautochthonous order in Central Asia, 37–8 qaghan, qaghanate, 43 qam, Turkic word for shaman, 000 Qarabalghasun or Ordubaliq, capital of the Uighur qaghanate in Mongolia, 19 Qarakhanids, the first Turkic dynasty to adopt Islam, 23, 83–5, 316–18 Qarakhitay, 81–2, 99–100, 320 Qaraqorum, capital of the Mongol empire, built by Ögedey, 19 Qarataghliq Khwajas (“Black Mountain” or Ishaqiya), a dervish dynasty in Sinkiang, 173, 330 Qasim Khan, a Kazakh khan, 164 Qasr-i Arifan, birthplace and shrine of Baha al-Din Naqshbnad, 137, 178, 248–9 Qaydu, an Ögedeyid Genghisid, 111–12, 159 Qocho, southern capital of the Buddhist Uighur kingdom of Qocho, 17 Qodirov, Pirimqul, an Uzbek writer, his historical noval Yulduzli tunla censured for glorifying Babur, 240, 252 Qungrats see Inaqids quriltay, assembly of Mongol or Turkic tribal leaders, 23; the quriltay of 1206 proclaimed Temujin as Genghis Khan, 104 Qutadghu Bilig, 92 Qutayba ibn Muslim, launched the Arab conquest of Transoxania, 57–61 Qutham ibn Abbas, the semi-legendary Arab warrior for Islam known as Shah-i Zinda, 246 Qutlugh Nigar Khanim, mother of Babur, 147 Radio Liberty, 289 railroads, 204–5, 301 Rakhmonov, Imomali, president of Tajikistan, 281 Rashid al-Din, Ilkhanid minister and historian, 185 Rashidov, Sharaf, leader of Soviet Uzbekistan, 254–5; rashidovshchina, 257 Reagan, Ronald, president of the United States, 257 Red Army, 221 Referendum of March 1991 on the preservation of the Soviet Union, 261 Revolution Abbasid, 62 Bolshevik, 210 February 1917, 209 “First” (in Kashgar), 271; “Second” (in Kulja), 272 ribat, a fortified dervish lodge, often at the limes of the Dar al-Islam, 25, 75 Romanovskiy, D.I., first governor of the Governorate-General of Turkestan, 205 Russia, Soviet reconquers Centrral Asia, 213–21; reorganizes it through “national delimitation,” 222–4; contradictory aspects of rule, 230, 238; doctrine of dobrovolnoe prisoedinenie, 234–5 Russia, Tsarist rise of, 162; conquers Siberia, 174; conquers Central Asia, 195–9; organizes and exploits it as a colony, 201–5 Russian Turkestan, x Russification, 236 russko-tuzemnye shkoly, “Russo-native schools,” 205 Ryskulov, Turar, Kazakhk-Kyrgyz patriot and political leader, 218, 220, 255
Sabri, Masud, head of native government in Sinkiang, 272 Safed Kuh, mountains in northern Afghanistan, 10 Saifuddin, Uighur nationalist, leader of the Second Revolution, 272 Samanid mausoleum, 75 Samanids, 71–3, 316 Samarkand, 4, 5, 12 Sanjar, Seljukid sultan, 96, 98–9 Saray, capital of the Golden Horde on the lower Volga, 28 Sarts, 32–3, 187 Sasanians, last pre-Islamic dynasty of Iran, 32, 46 Sayan, mountains in southern Siberia,, 21 Sayram, birthplace of Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi, 25–6 Scythians, 28 Secret History of the Mongols, 359 sedentaries, 27, 41 Seljukids, 93–9, 318–19 Semireche, 22, 23–4 settlers, Slavic, in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, 236 Shahidi, Burhan, 272 Shahimardan, 247 Shah-i Turkistan, 26, 143 Shah-i Zinda, 246–7 shaman, shamanism, 40–41 sharia, 113 Shaybani, Muhammad, 141, 143, 149–54 Shaybanids, 149–57, 325 shaykh, 37 Sheng Shi-tsai, governor of Sinkiang, 271–2 Shevardnadze, Eduard, president of Georgia, 311 Shir Ghazi, khan of Khiva, 186 Shura-i Islam, 210, 214 Siberia, viii, 20 Sibir, city and khanate, 163 Sighnaq, 25, 27 Silk Road, 15–16, 80 Sinkiang, viii–xi, 16, 47, 263–74, 314, 338–9 Slavic languages, 32 sliyanie, “[multiethnic] fusion,” as a goal of Soviet policy, 232 Sogdia, 5, 25, 48; Sogdian language, 74 Sokollu Mehmet Pasha, Ottoman grand vizier, 162–3 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 285 Sorqaqtani, wife of Toluy and mother of Great Khans Möngke and Qubilay, 109, 117–18 Soviet Central Asia, x Index 367 Soviet Union: formation, 223; constitution, 226; structure, 227; Union republics, 227 soyurghal, 127, 147 Stalin, Joseph, 211, 213–15, 281 Stein, Sir Aurel, a British archaeologist, 268 sufi, sufism, 37 Sükhbaatar, 21 (city), 298 (founder of modern Mongolia) sultan, 196 “summit” of Turkic states, 291 Suyab, capital of the Western Kök Turkic empire, 24 Syr Darya, 9, 13, 14, 15, 27; known as Iaxartes in classical sources and Sayhun in Arabic ones Syriac language and script, 49 taiga, 1 Tajik, 31–2 Tajikistan, viii–xi, 306–8, 334–5 Taklamakan,a desert in southern Sinkiang 15 Talas, Taraz (city), 25, 68–9, (river), 23, 52 Taliban, 282 Tang, Chinese dynasty ruling at the time of the Arab conquest of Central Asia, 46 Tannu Ola, mountains in southern Siberia, 21 Tarbagatai, mountains between Sinkiang and Kazakhstan, 22 Tarim, river and basin in southern Sinkiang, 15–16 tariqa, lit.“path,” Islamic name for a dervish order, 37 Tarmashirin, Ala al-Din, Chaghatay khan, 119–20 tasawwuf, Islamic mysticism, 37 Tashkent, viii, x, 14, 15, 198, 202 Tatars, 19–20, 196–7 Tatarstan, viii, xi, 28 Tauke, Kazakh khan, 172 Tayy, Arab tribe 32 Tejen, a river and oasis complex in southern Turkmenistan, 10 Temujin, original name of Genghis Khan, 19 tengri, Turko-Mongol name for the principal celestial deity, 3 Thomsen, Vilhelm, a Danish scholar, deciphered the Orkhon inscriptions, 53 Tianshan, mountains in Sinkiang and Kyrgyzstan, 2, 17–18, 24–5 Tibet, 171 Timur (Tamerlane), 4, 123–5 Timurids, 126–37, 324–5 Tirmidh, a city and intersection on the Amu Darya, 12
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA svat soucek
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Contents List of maps pagevii Prefa
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Maps 1 Inner Asia: principal politi
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Preface This book is an attempt to
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Preface xi Population: (approximate
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Preface xiii in the early Middle Ag
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2 A history of Inner Asia Mongolia,
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4 A history of Inner Asia An Histor
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6 A history of Inner Asia cognate o
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8 A history of Inner Asia trophic d
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10 A history of Inner Asia Emirate
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12 A history of Inner Asia If we le
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14 A history of Inner Asia hencefor
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16 A history of Inner Asia streams,
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18 A history of Inner Asia lasting
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20 A history of Inner Asia extermin
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22 A history of Inner Asia Kazakhst
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24 A history of Inner Asia in contr
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26 A history of Inner Asia to be ca
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28 A history of Inner Asia the Dash
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30 A history of Inner Asia is that
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32 A history of Inner Asia three Mi
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34 A history of Inner Asia Moscow b
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36 A history of Inner Asia Ayatulla
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38 A history of Inner Asia (d.1166)
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40 A history of Inner Asia of the d
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42 A history of Inner Asia managed
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44 A history of Inner Asia among th
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chapter one The beginnings To most
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48 A history of Inner Asia ways: a
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50 A history of Inner Asia armies o
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To the Arctic Ocean Kök Turkic Emp
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54 A history of Inner Asia of these
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56 A history of Inner Asia that eve
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58 A history of Inner Asia Khurasan
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60 A history of Inner Asia man amon
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62 A history of Inner Asia would ha
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64 A history of Inner Asia appointi
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66 A history of Inner Asia movement
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68 A history of Inner Asia for almo
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chapter three The Samanids The Arab
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72 A history of Inner Asia Turkic g
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74 A history of Inner Asia the Saha
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76 A history of Inner Asia Ilig (al
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78 A history of Inner Asia at the e
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80 A history of Inner Asia factor h
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82 A history of Inner Asia for that
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84 A history of Inner Asia confeder
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86 A history of Inner Asia tioned F
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88 A history of Inner Asia between
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90 A history of Inner Asia that the
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92 A history of Inner Asia Signific
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94 A history of Inner Asia they see
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96 A history of Inner Asia campaign
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98 A history of Inner Asia for an e
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100 A history of Inner Asia assets,
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Moscow Russian Principalities GOLDE
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104 A history of Inner Asia absent,
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106 A history of Inner Asia elimina
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108 A history of Inner Asia end to
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110 A history of Inner Asia members
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112 A history of Inner Asia in the
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114 A history of Inner Asia unprece
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116 A history of Inner Asia Some tw
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118 A history of Inner Asia madrasa
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120 A history of Inner Asia a still
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122 A history of Inner Asia Chaghat
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Moscow 1395 Tamerlane's campaigns,
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126 A history of Inner Asia of Tran
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128 A history of Inner Asia Ulugh B
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130 A history of Inner Asia an unde
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132 A history of Inner Asia the wor
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134 A history of Inner Asia known b
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136 A history of Inner Asia almost
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138 A history of Inner Asia Sammasi
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140 A history of Inner Asia The abo
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142 A history of Inner Asia formal
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chapter ten The last Timurids and t
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146 A history of Inner Asia usually
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148 A history of Inner Asia of anot
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150 A history of Inner Asia they wo
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152 A history of Inner Asia leader,
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154 A history of Inner Asia imate t
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156 A history of Inner Asia between
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158 A history of Inner Asia 1580 Kh
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160 A history of Inner Asia 1380s.O
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chapter twelve The rise of Russia,
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164 A history of Inner Asia the lat
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166 A history of Inner Asia religio
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168 A history of Inner Asia however
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170 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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172 A history of Inner Asia place.I
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174 A history of Inner Asia Jahangi
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Horde of Bükey (nomadic Kazakhs) M
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178 A history of Inner Asia Bukhara
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180 A history of Inner Asia Shah’
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182 A history of Inner Asia by then
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184 A history of Inner Asia of Iran
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186 A history of Inner Asia For 372
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188 A history of Inner Asia the wes
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190 A history of Inner Asia Khoqand
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192 A history of Inner Asia the fai
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SIBERIAN RUSSIA R U S S I A Omsk Or
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196 A history of Inner Asia prestig
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198 A history of Inner Asia about R
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200 A history of Inner Asia We may
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202 A history of Inner Asia One fin
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204 A history of Inner Asia extent
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206 A history of Inner Asia modern
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208 A history of Inner Asia in whic
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210 A history of Inner Asia newspap
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212 A history of Inner Asia Central
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214 A history of Inner Asia and mil
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216 A history of Inner Asia Republi
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218 A history of Inner Asia began t
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220 A history of Inner Asia Communi
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222 A history of Inner Asia their s
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224 A history of Inner Asia An esse
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226 A history of Inner Asia besides
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228 A history of Inner Asia adoptio
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230 A history of Inner Asia it.It i
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232 A history of Inner Asia of the
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234 A history of Inner Asia had led
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236 A history of Inner Asia they st
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238 A history of Inner Asia grave o
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240 A history of Inner Asia disappr
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242 A history of Inner Asia Alim Kh
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244 A history of Inner Asia the fin
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246 A history of Inner Asia to succ
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248 A history of Inner Asia atheism
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250 A history of Inner Asia chauvin
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252 A history of Inner Asia Thy han
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chapter eighteen Central Asia becom
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256 A history of Inner Asia power a
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258 A history of Inner Asia as it d
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260 A history of Inner Asia of 1917
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262 A history of Inner Asia overwhe
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Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) RUSSIA
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266 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
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268 A history of Inner Asia some ba
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270 A history of Inner Asia gees, s
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272 A history of Inner Asia In 1941
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274 A history of Inner Asia the poi
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Omsk Troitsk RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUS
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UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN Syr Darya Riv
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Uzbekistan Syr Darya Aral Sea (Kaza
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282 A history of Inner Asia for ass
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284 A history of Inner Asia growing
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286 A history of Inner Asia that th
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288 A history of Inner Asia port, o
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290 A history of Inner Asia border
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292 A history of Inner Asia Coopera
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294 A history of Inner Asia slow an
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Amur Railroad Moscow-Beijing via Ul
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298 A history of Inner Asia the Chi
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300 A history of Inner Asia 1940 in
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302 A history of Inner Asia multipa
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304 A history of Inner Asia A signi
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306 A history of Inner Asia into ja
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308 A history of Inner Asia as the
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310 A history of Inner Asia near th
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312 A history of Inner Asia The pro
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314 A history of Inner Asia Sinkian
Page 332 and 333: Appendix 1 dynastic tables This sec
Page 334 and 335: 318 Appendix 1 13.Hasan (1130-32),
Page 336 and 337: 320 Appendix 1 (d) Anushtiginids, o
Page 338 and 339: 322 Appendix 1 21.Qazan (1343-46),
Page 340 and 341: 324 Appendix 1 Timurid (non-Genghis
Page 342 and 343: 326 Appendix 1 x.Yar Muhammad 1.Jan
Page 344 and 345: 328 Appendix 1 25.Abu l-Ghazi III (
Page 346 and 347: 330 Appendix 1 7a.Qilich Burhan al-
Page 348 and 349: 332 Appendix 2 Kazakh Muslims were
Page 350 and 351: 334 Appendix 2 Currency: The som; i
Page 352 and 353: 336 Appendix 2 Religion: Historical
Page 354 and 355: 338 Appendix 2 Sinkiang (Sinkiang U
Page 356 and 357: 340 Appendix 2 Dundgov (Mandalgov);
Page 358 and 359: 342 Select bibliography Barthold, W
Page 360 and 361: 344 Select bibliography Aitmatov, C
Page 362 and 363: 346 Select bibliography Bennigsen,
Page 364 and 365: 348 Select bibliography Language Pl
Page 366 and 367: 350 Select bibliography Istoriya Ka
Page 368 and 369: 352 Select bibliography Mackenzie,
Page 370 and 371: 354 Select bibliography Semenov, A.
Page 372 and 373: 356 Select bibliography Bayhaqi, Ab
Page 374 and 375: 358 Select bibliography Arends (Mos
Page 376 and 377: Abbasids, second dynasty of caliphs
Page 378 and 379: 362 Index constitution, Soviet, 283
Page 380 and 381: 364 Index Kaufman, Konstantin Petro
Page 384 and 385: 368 Index Togan, Zeki Velidi, Bashk
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A HISTORY OF INNER ASIA

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