Antiquaries in the Age of Romanticism: 1789-1851 - Queen Mary ...

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Thomas Warton in his History of English Poetry. He was a friend of Isaac D’Israeli and of Dawson Turner and his London home with its vast collections of manuscripts and antiquities was a popular resource for other scholars to whom he was generous. He could be difficult but Bulkeley Bandinel then Bodley Librarian cultivated him tactfully and as a result his collections were bequeathed, largely, to Oxford. John Gage (1786-1842) Gage, the youngest son of Sir Thomas Gage of Hengrave Hall in Suffolk took the name of Rokewode when he succeeded to the baronetcy. He is the only one of my subjects who belonged to the gentry. As a Catholic, however, he remained something of an outsider, unable to attend university. He studied law but his antiquarian interests were his main preoccupation and he was Director of the Society of Antiquaries from 1829-42. Gage specialised in the history of Suffolk, publishing his History and Antiquities of Hengrave in 1822 and History and Antiquities of Hingoe Hundred in 1838. He also edited the Chronicle of Jocelin of Brakelond which was published by the Camden Society and formed the basis of Carlyle’s Past and Present. His correspondence, in the Cambridge University Library, reveals him as an amiable spider at the centre of an extensive web of antiquarian connections. He knew most of the subjects of this thesis and is the only one who seems to have been on terms of close friendship with Langlois. E-H Langlois (1777-1835) Born at Pont de l’Arche near Rouen, Langlois was the son of an official in the Royal Department of Woods and Waters. His career was determined by the Revolution. When his father lost his job in 1793 he allowed Langlois to fulfil his ambition to go to Paris and become a painter. He studied with David, was briefly imprisoned under Napoleon, conscripted into the army and finally returned to Rouen after the war with a wife and children. Living in an abandoned convent in terrible poverty Langlois assembled a collection of antiquities and fragments from buildings destroyed in the Revolution. He wrote a number of books but found it difficult to complete his work. Most 294
were published posthumously. His main contribution to the architectural debate was the coinage of the term ‘flamboyant’, still in use, to describe late French Gothic. Although deeply troubled by his experience of the Revolution and subject to prolonged depressive episodes Langlois had many admirers in England and France and his museum became an important point on the antiquarian tour of Normandy. John Lingard (1771-1851) A Catholic priest and historian, the son of a builder and carpenter, Lingard’s scrupulously documentary methods mark one end of the scholarly spectrum embraced by antiquarianism. He would not have liked to have been called an antiquary but his use of primary sources marks him out as one. Among the last generation of priests to study at Douai (he was forced to leave when it was captured by the commissaries in 1793) he never sought high office in the church preferring to live quietly in his parish of Hornby in Lancashire and concentrate on his historical work and his many friendships. Lingard’s Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church (1806), and his History of England (1819-30) were controversial though they attracted some eminent admirers. He was the first English historian to make use of original documents in the Vatican and the archives of the Holy Roman Empire in Spain. He was made a corresponding member of the Academie Française. Sara Losh (1785/6-1853) The only woman in my study she has not previously been considered as an antiquary although her few surviving notes suggest that her methods were thoroughly antiquarian. The eldest child in an old Cumbrian gentry family, Losh used her unusually wide education, her substantial means and her freedom as a single woman to develop a career as an architect. Her buildings were all in or near her native village of Wreay and the only one discussed here is the church, St Mary’s, in which she expressed a view of time and creation that was both personal and metaphysical. The church was dedicated in 295
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Antiquaries in the Age of Romantici
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Abstract The thesis concentrates on
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List of Illustrations 1 The Antiqua
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Definitions Chapter One Don Quixote
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It was a change of emphasis that wa
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e but a Crosse or stone footstool i
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embankment or fortification. Perhap
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part of the understanding of the pa
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classical antiquity, was increasing
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e performed in historic costume.
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transformation. The eccentric, obse
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But wad ye see him in his glee, For
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interesting to him and his readers
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actor Charles Kemble on historic co
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considered view of Noviomagus, that
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eplaying the episode in The Antiqua
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Chapter Two ‘To stones a moral li
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Within architectural history there
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workings of this little commonweal
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Salisbury Cathedral and Wyatt ‘th
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from altering them in ways destruct
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philosophy of the Picturesque which
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about his protests at Salisbury, a
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within Milner’s position’. 51 H
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about Gothic architecture and its m
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Figure 10 St Peter's Chapel, Winche
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In addition to his Dissertation and
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Bright and cheerful mornings are no
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unning battle between the proprieto
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It constitutes at once a beautiful
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face amidst solemn azure and fleecy
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Britton could not resist pointing o
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Figure 16 Salisbury Cathedral from
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Secretary he addressed the third se
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measured details of medieval buildi
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exhortations to accuracy and appeal
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Some years later in 1840, when he w
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Figure 18 Toddington Manor, Glouces
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study of the last forty years’ of
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towards academic architectural hist
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expensive and elaborate.’ 170 Tha
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a small doorway in the south east c
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Her criticism of Michelangelo’s L
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The iconography of the east end of
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a church was a symbolic building, a
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Willis became the first academic an
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its annual congress that he began t
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admired, however. His lack of inter
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Chapter Three Revolution to Restora
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at least one French scholar. 5 Ther
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centered on the Louvre as it was tr
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Norman troubadour manuscripts of th
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est, for the Tapestry remained inac
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des Monumens Français. They were n
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esult, albeit unintentional, was th
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calculated to produce effect & to i
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not survive for long. It was disman
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strewn with debris, was Lenoir’s
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heroes and demigods of Greece and R
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tower, surmounted by, or rather end
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made, not at the time depicted. Sin
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The British in Normandy: architectu
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Dawson Turner could set out the sam
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You remember how admirably the Lay
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historic buildings were either put
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and equal administration of the law
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‘veritable épopée de notre âge
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Scott’s complicit audience that t
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details seriously. Delacroix was am
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Costume balls were wildly popular b
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1830s, however, the exploration of
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chapter that Hugo omitted from the
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to the past, the abstract argument
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occasions he wove fiction and narra
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[The dead, wrapped in their shrouds
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Figure 34 Frontispiece to Langlois
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gouffre qu’on appelle Angleterre,
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The demolition of Les Andelys was r
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It has been suggested that the effe
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shaking the long branches of the wi
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C’est ainsi que peu à peu, se d
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imagination will reveal the hidden
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layer of dark stain to make it look
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novels and poetry; the sporran of R
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emarkable Stonehenge Cabinet that B
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close to accidental satire. The jux
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With the Sobieski Stuart brothers,
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inaccurate. 34 What they themselves
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novels a real manuscript is describ
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Figure 40 Charles Edward Stuart, ca
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the gold, the armour and blazonry,
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and its contents. He began work on
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equire his text in order to be able
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chassis couvert de papier en lambea
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A most extraordinary place, looking
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fragments and objects not only into
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the Blessed Virgin and the four Lat
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domestic culture, more people than
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Chapter Five ‘Nothing but a Popis
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The first part of this chapter will
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surrender my crozier into the hands
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Milner’s relationship with histor
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which Edward designed, was Gothic.
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From sacred emblem of the division
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evealed to him increasingly his dis
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prying eyes of his household; and w
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so dangerous’. 41 In a very simil
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view of the Reformation, had caused
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e-discovery and presentation of his
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oyal regalia. It was only in the lo
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Figure 42 The Honours of Scotland,
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Prebble points out, was just about
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First saw them from the window; two
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An article he sent to Mac Millans M
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and the exhibition at the British M
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order to satisfy the taste of a lat
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Illustrations of Shakspeare and its
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could be earlier and that the title
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his own particular ‘fairy system
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Figure 47 Douce's illustrations of
Page 243 and 244: Although Field demanded that his or
Page 245 and 246: manners and habits’ to fill the l
Page 247 and 248: It discovered King John dressed as
Page 249 and 250: Not surprisingly perhaps this ambit
Page 251 and 252: novelist, the painter, and the acto
Page 253 and 254: from meretricious commercial produc
Page 255 and 256: Kenilworth, the novel in which Shak
Page 257 and 258: Sir Walter has found out... that th
Page 259 and 260: had created monuments for Garrick
Page 261 and 262: The more I look at it the more I fe
Page 263 and 264: Their infinite variety. 130 It conj
Page 265 and 266: Figure 50 Shakespeare's monument at
Page 267 and 268: attempt at an antiquarian excavatio
Page 269 and 270: I was not prepared to see it look s
Page 271 and 272: It was in 1849, when Brunel’s Sha
Page 273 and 274: While Alexandrina Buchanan is certa
Page 275 and 276: to have no acknowledged part. 11 Th
Page 277 and 278: Britton, John, An Address from John
Page 279 and 280: Gunn, William, BD, An Inquiry into
Page 281 and 282: Pugin, A.W.N., Collected Letters, e
Page 283 and 284: Auberbach, Jeffrey A., The Great Ex
Page 285 and 286: Couve de Murville, M. N. L., John M
Page 287 and 288: _____ ‘Stitched Up: Eliza Stothar
Page 289 and 290: _____ Richard Parkes Bonington, The
Page 291 and 292: Strong, Roy, And when did you last
Page 293: Appendix John Britton (1771-1857) T
Page 297 and 298: foundation of the British Archaeolo
Page 299: distinction in the universities, Wi
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