Antiquaries in the Age of Romanticism: 1789-1851 - Queen Mary ...

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Dawson Turner (1775-1858) A banker and botanist from Great Yarmouth, the son of a banker and merchant, Turner, like Scott, had an abbreviated university education, leaving Cambridge on the death of his father without taking a degree. His scientific interests caused him to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1802 and it was only later that he took to antiquarianism. With the help of his wife, Mary Palgrave who, like several of their eleven children was an able artist, he documented his travels in Normandy in the years immediately after the end of the Napoleonic wars. His vast correspondence shows Turner to have been part of an extensive antiquarian network. Among his friends were Britton, Gage and Langlois and he also knew the Pugins. From 1812-23 John Cotman was drawing master to the family and travelled with them in Normandy. Turner sponsored Cotman’s Architectural Antiquities of Normandy which appeared in 1822, two years after his own Account of a Tour in Normandy. He published much on Suffolk and in 1848 a Guide to the Verification of Manuscripts. My account of him is confined to his place in the Anglo-French antiquarian network. Robert Willis (1800-1875) Willis, the son of an eminent doctor, became Jacksonian Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge. He was a polymath, a public figure in his lifetime, whom thousands (including Karl Marx) came to hear lecture. A pioneer in the reproduction of mechanical speech, an inventive engineer and a geologist, his place here is as the inventor of architectural history. Beginning with his Remarks on the Architecture of the Middle Ages, chiefly of Italy, published in 1835, Willis was an extraordinarily observant and analytic commentator on Gothic architecture, an influence on Ruskin and a founding Vice President of the Cambridge Camden Society. He was never a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, becoming instead a leading member of in the Archaeological Institute, which broke away from the British Archaeological Association two years after its foundation in 1845, with the intention of professionalizing and gentrifying the study of historic architecture. The only one of my subjects to take a degree and to achieve 298
distinction in the universities, Willis represented the future for architectural history and the nemesis of romantic antiquarianism. Edward Willson (1771-1854) A Catholic and the son of a Lincoln builder, Willson became an architect and restorer, with a special sympathy for Gothic architecture. For many years he was Lincolnshire County Surveyor and he was a sensitive restorer of buildings including Lincoln Castle, Lincoln Cathedral and several local churches. His writings, for the publications of Britton and A C Pugin reveal him to have been deeply read and a subtle propagandist for the Gothic and its Catholic and mystic meanings. Although he did produce several pamphlets on his own account he was inclined to procrastinate and became somewhat estranged from A C Pugin’s son, A W N Pugin who was exasperated by his slowness as a collaborator. Nevertheless Willson had been a formative influence on the young Pugin’s thinking. Willson’s papers survive –some in the archives of the Society of Antiquaries and others in the Lincolnshire Archives. With his collections of antiquarian fragments, his endless notes and unfinished treatise on bells he is, intellectually, the very type of the Waverley antiquary, digging up Roman remains and opening tombs, though in person Willson was neat and well-organised. He was also happily married to Mary (née Mould) with whom he had two surviving sons. 299
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Antiquaries in the Age of Romantici
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Abstract The thesis concentrates on
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List of Illustrations 1 The Antiqua
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Definitions Chapter One Don Quixote
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It was a change of emphasis that wa
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e but a Crosse or stone footstool i
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embankment or fortification. Perhap
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part of the understanding of the pa
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classical antiquity, was increasing
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e performed in historic costume.
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transformation. The eccentric, obse
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But wad ye see him in his glee, For
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interesting to him and his readers
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actor Charles Kemble on historic co
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considered view of Noviomagus, that
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eplaying the episode in The Antiqua
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Chapter Two ‘To stones a moral li
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Within architectural history there
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workings of this little commonweal
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Salisbury Cathedral and Wyatt ‘th
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from altering them in ways destruct
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philosophy of the Picturesque which
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about his protests at Salisbury, a
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within Milner’s position’. 51 H
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about Gothic architecture and its m
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Figure 10 St Peter's Chapel, Winche
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In addition to his Dissertation and
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Bright and cheerful mornings are no
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unning battle between the proprieto
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It constitutes at once a beautiful
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face amidst solemn azure and fleecy
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Britton could not resist pointing o
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Figure 16 Salisbury Cathedral from
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Secretary he addressed the third se
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measured details of medieval buildi
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exhortations to accuracy and appeal
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Some years later in 1840, when he w
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Figure 18 Toddington Manor, Glouces
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study of the last forty years’ of
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towards academic architectural hist
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expensive and elaborate.’ 170 Tha
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a small doorway in the south east c
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Her criticism of Michelangelo’s L
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The iconography of the east end of
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a church was a symbolic building, a
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Willis became the first academic an
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its annual congress that he began t
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admired, however. His lack of inter
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Chapter Three Revolution to Restora
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at least one French scholar. 5 Ther
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centered on the Louvre as it was tr
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Norman troubadour manuscripts of th
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est, for the Tapestry remained inac
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des Monumens Français. They were n
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esult, albeit unintentional, was th
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calculated to produce effect & to i
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not survive for long. It was disman
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strewn with debris, was Lenoir’s
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heroes and demigods of Greece and R
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tower, surmounted by, or rather end
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made, not at the time depicted. Sin
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The British in Normandy: architectu
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Dawson Turner could set out the sam
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You remember how admirably the Lay
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historic buildings were either put
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and equal administration of the law
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‘veritable épopée de notre âge
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Scott’s complicit audience that t
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details seriously. Delacroix was am
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Costume balls were wildly popular b
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1830s, however, the exploration of
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chapter that Hugo omitted from the
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to the past, the abstract argument
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occasions he wove fiction and narra
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[The dead, wrapped in their shrouds
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Figure 34 Frontispiece to Langlois
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gouffre qu’on appelle Angleterre,
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The demolition of Les Andelys was r
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It has been suggested that the effe
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shaking the long branches of the wi
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C’est ainsi que peu à peu, se d
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imagination will reveal the hidden
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layer of dark stain to make it look
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novels and poetry; the sporran of R
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emarkable Stonehenge Cabinet that B
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close to accidental satire. The jux
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With the Sobieski Stuart brothers,
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inaccurate. 34 What they themselves
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novels a real manuscript is describ
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Figure 40 Charles Edward Stuart, ca
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the gold, the armour and blazonry,
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and its contents. He began work on
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equire his text in order to be able
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chassis couvert de papier en lambea
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A most extraordinary place, looking
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fragments and objects not only into
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the Blessed Virgin and the four Lat
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domestic culture, more people than
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Chapter Five ‘Nothing but a Popis
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The first part of this chapter will
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surrender my crozier into the hands
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Milner’s relationship with histor
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which Edward designed, was Gothic.
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From sacred emblem of the division
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evealed to him increasingly his dis
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prying eyes of his household; and w
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so dangerous’. 41 In a very simil
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view of the Reformation, had caused
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e-discovery and presentation of his
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oyal regalia. It was only in the lo
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Figure 42 The Honours of Scotland,
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Prebble points out, was just about
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First saw them from the window; two
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An article he sent to Mac Millans M
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and the exhibition at the British M
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order to satisfy the taste of a lat
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Illustrations of Shakspeare and its
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could be earlier and that the title
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his own particular ‘fairy system
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Figure 47 Douce's illustrations of
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Although Field demanded that his or
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manners and habits’ to fill the l
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Page 249 and 250: Not surprisingly perhaps this ambit
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Page 257 and 258: Sir Walter has found out... that th
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Page 261 and 262: The more I look at it the more I fe
Page 263 and 264: Their infinite variety. 130 It conj
Page 265 and 266: Figure 50 Shakespeare's monument at
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Page 269 and 270: I was not prepared to see it look s
Page 271 and 272: It was in 1849, when Brunel’s Sha
Page 273 and 274: While Alexandrina Buchanan is certa
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Page 277 and 278: Britton, John, An Address from John
Page 279 and 280: Gunn, William, BD, An Inquiry into
Page 281 and 282: Pugin, A.W.N., Collected Letters, e
Page 283 and 284: Auberbach, Jeffrey A., The Great Ex
Page 285 and 286: Couve de Murville, M. N. L., John M
Page 287 and 288: _____ ‘Stitched Up: Eliza Stothar
Page 289 and 290: _____ Richard Parkes Bonington, The
Page 291 and 292: Strong, Roy, And when did you last
Page 293 and 294: Appendix John Britton (1771-1857) T
Page 295 and 296: were published posthumously. His ma
Page 297: foundation of the British Archaeolo
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