Antiquaries in the Age of Romanticism: 1789-1851 - Queen Mary ...

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1842 and in its iconography and very conception it reflects the hopes and anxieties of a generation on the eve of Darwinism. John Milner (1752-1826) A Catholic priest and bishop of the Midland district from 1803 Milner offers a strong contrast to Lingard whom he criticised severely. He too had been educated at Douai and was a vigorous polemicist both for the Catholic Church and for Gothic architecture. Appointed to the mission at Winchester in 1779 he began his antiquarian studies there. His History of Winchester was his major work in that field and his The End of Religious Controversy (1818) his best-known doctrinal polemic. Among Catholics he was the scourge of the old school of gentry recusants and insisted on the authority of Rome. Antiquaries found him equally vigorous and satirical in defence of his views. Yet Milner had close and lasting friendships and felt a passionate attachment to Gothic architecture. In his own chapel, built with the help of his friend the antiquary John Carter, and in the History of Winchester, Milner outlined the associations between Gothic and the Catholic faith that were to inspire Pugin and the next generation of architects to see a mystical and national significance in the buildings of the Middle Ages. James Robinson Planché (1794-1880) Planché was the son of a watchmaker of Huguenot extraction. Articled briefly to a bookseller he became a prolific playwright and in later life a Herald. His first play went on at Drury Lane in 1818 and he had a hit a few years later with The Vampire or The Bride of the Isles, an adaptation of a French melodrama which introduced the popular ‘vampire trap’ effect. From 1822-28 he was the house author at Covent Garden and in 1823 persuaded Charles Kemble to put on a production of King John in period costume, designed by Planché from historical sources. Planché was also consulted by the Royal Family on ball costumes and was soon a recognised authority on the history of costume and on the use of costume in the study of social history. In 1847 he was appointed to the committee to purchase Shakespeare’s ‘Birthplace’. With Britton he was active in the 296
foundation of the British Archaeological Association and in 1842 he brought out a new edition of Strutt’s Complete view of the dress and Habits of the People of England. The author of a pamphlet appealing for the establishment of a national theatre Planché was also responsible in 1869 for re-arranging the armour collections in the Tower of London in chronological sequence. Walter Scott (1771-1832) By far the best-known of the subjects in this thesis, much has been written about Scott. His career as an antiquary has not, however, been so much discussed. His boundless energy found outlets in antiquarian publications and activities as various as theatre design, architecture, decoration and the antiquarian re-invention of the Hanoverians in Scotland. Most importantly he gave both to antiquaries themselves and to the reading public an image and a narrative for antiquarianism in this period. John Sobieski Stolberg (?1795-1872) and Charles Edward Stuart (?1799-1880) Born John Carter Allen and Charles Manning Allen and generally known as the Sobieski Stuarts, they were the sons of an English naval officer, Thomas Allen but claimed to be the grandsons of the Young Pretender. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography dismisses them as ‘imposters’, which is misleading. They undertook serious antiquarian research as well as a certain amount of forgery. In 1829, with Sir Thomas Dick-Lauder, the antiquary and novelist, they developed the Vestiarium Scoticum, finally published in 1842, a study of highland dress, supposedly based on a late fifteenth-century manuscript, which was never forthcoming. In 1845 they published The Costume of the Clans which remains a controversial work. Described by Hugh Trevor-Roper as a brilliant mixture of ‘scholarship and forgery’, it has more recently been defended by Scottish historians as an accurate record of early Highland dress. To an extent the brothers’ claims, however false in origin, became true with time. Many of the tartans in use today have no other source than their work and their sister and two of Charles’s children married into the aristocracy. 297
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Antiquaries in the Age of Romantici
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Abstract The thesis concentrates on
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List of Illustrations 1 The Antiqua
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Definitions Chapter One Don Quixote
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It was a change of emphasis that wa
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e but a Crosse or stone footstool i
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embankment or fortification. Perhap
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part of the understanding of the pa
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classical antiquity, was increasing
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e performed in historic costume.
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transformation. The eccentric, obse
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But wad ye see him in his glee, For
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interesting to him and his readers
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actor Charles Kemble on historic co
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considered view of Noviomagus, that
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eplaying the episode in The Antiqua
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Chapter Two ‘To stones a moral li
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Within architectural history there
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workings of this little commonweal
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Salisbury Cathedral and Wyatt ‘th
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from altering them in ways destruct
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philosophy of the Picturesque which
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about his protests at Salisbury, a
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within Milner’s position’. 51 H
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about Gothic architecture and its m
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Figure 10 St Peter's Chapel, Winche
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In addition to his Dissertation and
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Bright and cheerful mornings are no
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unning battle between the proprieto
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It constitutes at once a beautiful
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face amidst solemn azure and fleecy
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Britton could not resist pointing o
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Figure 16 Salisbury Cathedral from
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Secretary he addressed the third se
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measured details of medieval buildi
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exhortations to accuracy and appeal
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Some years later in 1840, when he w
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Figure 18 Toddington Manor, Glouces
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study of the last forty years’ of
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towards academic architectural hist
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expensive and elaborate.’ 170 Tha
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a small doorway in the south east c
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Her criticism of Michelangelo’s L
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The iconography of the east end of
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a church was a symbolic building, a
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Willis became the first academic an
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its annual congress that he began t
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admired, however. His lack of inter
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Chapter Three Revolution to Restora
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at least one French scholar. 5 Ther
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centered on the Louvre as it was tr
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Norman troubadour manuscripts of th
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est, for the Tapestry remained inac
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des Monumens Français. They were n
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esult, albeit unintentional, was th
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calculated to produce effect & to i
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not survive for long. It was disman
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strewn with debris, was Lenoir’s
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heroes and demigods of Greece and R
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tower, surmounted by, or rather end
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made, not at the time depicted. Sin
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The British in Normandy: architectu
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Dawson Turner could set out the sam
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You remember how admirably the Lay
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historic buildings were either put
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and equal administration of the law
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‘veritable épopée de notre âge
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Scott’s complicit audience that t
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details seriously. Delacroix was am
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Costume balls were wildly popular b
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1830s, however, the exploration of
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chapter that Hugo omitted from the
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to the past, the abstract argument
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occasions he wove fiction and narra
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[The dead, wrapped in their shrouds
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Figure 34 Frontispiece to Langlois
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gouffre qu’on appelle Angleterre,
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The demolition of Les Andelys was r
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It has been suggested that the effe
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shaking the long branches of the wi
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C’est ainsi que peu à peu, se d
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imagination will reveal the hidden
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layer of dark stain to make it look
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novels and poetry; the sporran of R
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emarkable Stonehenge Cabinet that B
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close to accidental satire. The jux
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With the Sobieski Stuart brothers,
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inaccurate. 34 What they themselves
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novels a real manuscript is describ
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Figure 40 Charles Edward Stuart, ca
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the gold, the armour and blazonry,
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and its contents. He began work on
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equire his text in order to be able
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chassis couvert de papier en lambea
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A most extraordinary place, looking
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fragments and objects not only into
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the Blessed Virgin and the four Lat
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domestic culture, more people than
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Chapter Five ‘Nothing but a Popis
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The first part of this chapter will
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surrender my crozier into the hands
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Milner’s relationship with histor
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which Edward designed, was Gothic.
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From sacred emblem of the division
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evealed to him increasingly his dis
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prying eyes of his household; and w
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so dangerous’. 41 In a very simil
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view of the Reformation, had caused
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e-discovery and presentation of his
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oyal regalia. It was only in the lo
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Figure 42 The Honours of Scotland,
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Prebble points out, was just about
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First saw them from the window; two
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An article he sent to Mac Millans M
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and the exhibition at the British M
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order to satisfy the taste of a lat
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Illustrations of Shakspeare and its
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could be earlier and that the title
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his own particular ‘fairy system
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Figure 47 Douce's illustrations of
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Although Field demanded that his or
Page 245 and 246: manners and habits’ to fill the l
Page 247 and 248: It discovered King John dressed as
Page 249 and 250: Not surprisingly perhaps this ambit
Page 251 and 252: novelist, the painter, and the acto
Page 253 and 254: from meretricious commercial produc
Page 255 and 256: Kenilworth, the novel in which Shak
Page 257 and 258: Sir Walter has found out... that th
Page 259 and 260: had created monuments for Garrick
Page 261 and 262: The more I look at it the more I fe
Page 263 and 264: Their infinite variety. 130 It conj
Page 265 and 266: Figure 50 Shakespeare's monument at
Page 267 and 268: attempt at an antiquarian excavatio
Page 269 and 270: I was not prepared to see it look s
Page 271 and 272: It was in 1849, when Brunel’s Sha
Page 273 and 274: While Alexandrina Buchanan is certa
Page 275 and 276: to have no acknowledged part. 11 Th
Page 277 and 278: Britton, John, An Address from John
Page 279 and 280: Gunn, William, BD, An Inquiry into
Page 281 and 282: Pugin, A.W.N., Collected Letters, e
Page 283 and 284: Auberbach, Jeffrey A., The Great Ex
Page 285 and 286: Couve de Murville, M. N. L., John M
Page 287 and 288: _____ ‘Stitched Up: Eliza Stothar
Page 289 and 290: _____ Richard Parkes Bonington, The
Page 291 and 292: Strong, Roy, And when did you last
Page 293 and 294: Appendix John Britton (1771-1857) T
Page 295: were published posthumously. His ma
Page 299: distinction in the universities, Wi
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