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4.4.6 Step 6: Assessing the Coding Consistency According to Miles and Huberman (1994) and Weber (1990) it is not safe to assume that, when a sample is coded in a consistent and reliable manner, the coding of the whole body of text will also be consistent. Human coders are subject to fatigue and are likely to make more mistakes as the coding proceeds. New codes may have been added since the original consistency check. Also, the coders’ understanding of the categories and coding rules may change subtly over the time, which may lead to greater inconsistency. For all these reasons, after the entire data set was coded the consistency of the coding was checked again. 4.4.7 Step 7: Drawing Conclusions from the Coded Data During this step, sense was made out of the identified themes, categories and their properties. At this stage, inferences were made and the reconstructions of meanings derived from the data were presented. This was done by exploring the properties and dimensions of categories, identifying relationships between categories, uncovering patterns, and testing categories against the full range of data (Bradley, 1993). It has been a critical step in the analysis process, and its success relied almost wholly on reasoning abilities of the author. 4.4.8 Step 8: Reporting the Methods and Findings Qualitative content analysis does not produce counts and statistical significance; instead, it uncovers patterns, themes, and categories important to a social reality. Presenting research findings from qualitative content analysis is challenging, therefore quotations are used to justify conclusions (Schilling, 2006). When presenting the qualitative content analysis results, the author strived for a balance between description and interpretation. Description gives the readers’ background and context and thus needs to be rich and thick (Denzin, 1989). Qualitative research is fundamentally interpretive, and interpretation represents the authors personal and theoretical understanding of the phenomenon under study. An interesting and readable report ‘provides sufficient description to allow the reader to understand the basis for an interpretation, and sufficient interpretation to allow the reader to understand the description’ (Patton, 2002, p.503-504). Elmar Hoogendoorn 49 Sustainable Microfinance
4.5 Methods of Data Collection In order to answer the main research question, the sub-questions will have to be answered first. After the literature review the sub-question can be adjusted according to the stronger focus of the research. Table 4.1 presents the data collection methods used to answer the sub-questions. Sub-questions Data collection method What does the current body of literature reveal about the different microfinance models, throughout the world? How does the current microfinance model in the Netherlands look like? What different players in the Dutch microfinance model can be identified? How can the BSC improve the sustainability of starting entrepreneurs supported by pre-loan BDS? How does the BSC need to be adjusted to be suited for the needs of these starting entrepreneurs? What dimensions of the BSC are relevant for the starting entrepreneurs? How do the dimensions related to each other in an optimal BSC? ! As the table reveals, there will be two different types of research: • Literature review, as carried out in section one; Literature review Literature review & Interviews Literature review Literature review & Interviews Literature review & Interviews Literature review & Interviews Literature review & Interviews Table 4.1: How the sub questions will be answered (Author) • Interviews will be conducted to build upon the indentified models. This is in line with the chosen philosophical stance (see paragraph 4.2). How each one of these methods is executed is discussed accordingly. 4.6 Literature Review The first step of the research was an extensive review of all relevant literature published on the subject of microfinance. The analysis of the secondary research helped to develop a general idea about the different microfinance models in relation to the ambition of making the Dutch model sustainable and to establish a theoretical Elmar Hoogendoorn 50 Sustainable Microfinance
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! ! Sustainable Microfinance Balanc
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Keywords and Abstract Sustainable M
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Condensed Table of Contents ! ! Key
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3.3 Lessons from previously develop
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures ! Figure I-1: Thesi
Page 11 and 12: List of Abbreviations BDS Business
Page 13 and 14: 1. Overview This chapter serves as
Page 15 and 16: In 2007, the Dutch Ministry of Econ
Page 17 and 18: collect information or seek specifi
Page 19 and 20: In some regions entrepreneurs are a
Page 21 and 22: • What different players in the D
Page 23 and 24: 2. Theory and Literature Review - M
Page 25 and 26: investors expect to gain from the f
Page 27 and 28: 2.4 Microfinance in (Western) Europ
Page 29 and 30: A MFI in the survival mode can bare
Page 31 and 32: The main factors that negatively af
Page 33 and 34: that are needed in order to transfo
Page 35 and 36: According to Lämmermann, et al. (2
Page 37 and 38: 2.5.6 Success of BDS Lämmermann, e
Page 39 and 40: The final conclusion relates to the
Page 41 and 42: Kaplan and international strategy c
Page 43 and 44: investments in learning will lead t
Page 45 and 46: • Derived from strategy; • Stim
Page 47 and 48: emaining drivers of the model are;
Page 49 and 50: Greatbanks and Tapp (2007) Manville
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Page 53 and 54: objectives (obligations) establishe
Page 55 and 56: Section II. Research Design The pre
Page 57 and 58: the use and usefulness of PMSs by s
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Page 63 and 64: All eight groups are interesting fo
Page 65 and 66: must take into account with the rel
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Page 71 and 72: street and within an area of 500 me
Page 73 and 74: A final aspect that is exceedingly
Page 75 and 76: For the model Stefano (2010) propos
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Page 79 and 80: 5.3 Summary Based on the empirical
Page 81 and 82: 6. Discussion 6.1 Introduction This
Page 83 and 84: 6.2.4. Sustainability Entrepreneur
Page 85 and 86: 6.2.9. Network & Business Developme
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Page 89 and 90: • Since the development of microf
Page 91 and 92: 7.2.3 The Model: ‘Equally’ Bala
Page 93 and 94: cannot be controlled by the researc
Page 95 and 96: Appendix A - Thesis Proposal Accord
Page 97 and 98: 1. Abstract The Thesis Project will
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Page 101 and 102: entrepreneurs, compared to the curr
Page 103 and 104: The Thesis Project has several obje
Page 105 and 106: Based on the results from the liter
Page 107 and 108: 8. Table of contents Preface List o
Page 109 and 110: References Armendáriz, B. 2009, 'M
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Work program March April Week numbe
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Figure B-2 Simplified Strategy Map
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Figure B-5 Comprehensive Performanc
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Organizational Development • What
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RL start at the core; 'why do you w
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Appendix E - Social ! KH jobs creat
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Appendix F - Financial ! Liquidity
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OE through friends and family and a
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MB that has to do with you financia
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RL You can test it, by launching fo
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Appendix I - Internal Business Proc
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OE he has an advantage and should f
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Appendix L - Network ! Professional
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Appendix M - Business Development S
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Appendix N - General BSC model ! Us
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Appendix O - Relation and Link ! Eq
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Appendix P - Most Important Financi
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Appendix R - Sustainability of Micr
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Appendix S - Qredits ! KH The main
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Bibliography Affleck, A. and Mellor
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Derban, W., Binner, J. and Mullineu
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the case of the tourism industry,
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Kunc, M. (2008), 'Using systems thi
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McKinsey & Company, p. 3., Availabl
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Shrader, C.B., Mulford, C.L. and Bl
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Woodworth, W. and Woller, G. (1999)
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