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Kurdistan and The Kurds A Divided Homeland and a Nation without ...

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Chapter I<br />

<strong>The</strong> Kurdish Revolutions <strong>and</strong> Movements in<br />

Eastern <strong>Kurdistan</strong><br />

Ismail Shakak’s (Samko Agha) Revolutions 1920-<br />

1930<br />

<strong>The</strong> creation of the <strong>Kurdistan</strong> Republic in 1946<br />

<strong>The</strong> Kurdish Revolution <strong>and</strong> its evaluation in<br />

Eastern <strong>Kurdistan</strong><br />

In 1912, the Organisation for the Liberation of <strong>Kurdistan</strong><br />

was formed in Eastern <strong>Kurdistan</strong> with the purpose of<br />

acquiring basic rights for the Kurdish people. It continued<br />

working quite actively in this respect promoting a number<br />

of visible national slogans. Soon after, another<br />

organisation, the Jihanzani was formed, aiming at the<br />

fusion of the many paths of the Kurdish struggle into<br />

one.<br />

In the earlier parts of 1913, the freedom fighter Abdel<br />

Rezak Badirkhan founded a cultural organisation in<br />

Eastern <strong>Kurdistan</strong>; in the city of Khoi <strong>and</strong> under its auspices<br />

he inaugurated the first Kurdish school in Eastern<br />

<strong>Kurdistan</strong> on 4th November 1913. During the WW I a<br />

Kurdish liberation revolution was headed by Qazi Fattah<br />

(the younger brother of Qazi Mohamed’s gr<strong>and</strong>father).<br />

In 1920, it was the hero Ismail Shakak (Samko Agha),<br />

chief of the Shakak tribe, who became the bearer of the<br />

Kurdish revolutionary flag. His headquarters were based<br />

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