Kurdistan and The Kurds A Divided Homeland and a Nation without ...

out by the Kurdish organizations and personalities.
The following are the most important ones of those
heroic epics in Northern Kurdistan:
Revolution of Ibrahim Pasha Milli
Ibrahim Pasha Milli was the head of the Kurdish Milli
tribe, and one of the commanders of the Kurdish Al-
Hamidia forces formed by the Ottoman authorities.
However, when he rejected the request of the Ottomans
to participate with them in their war against Greece, he
declared a revolution and asked for independence… Many
intense battles occurred between his forces and the
Ottomans after which he was eventually defeated and
surrounded on Abdulaziz Mountain –part of the Syrian
Kurdistan at present-. He was arrested there and was
executed by the Ottomans in 1908.
Before the World War 1, the Ottoman state took the
opportunity of the Russians being preoccupied, and sent
an army to occupy Urmia, Shino and Mahabad, thus
penetrating the Iranian borders agreed according to the
Zahaw Treaty of 1639. For those reasons were not
permanently determined up to that time. However, the
Russians also entered the North Kurdistan and reached
as far as Khoi and Urmia forcing the Ottomans to
withdraw, and a committee was formed from English,
Turkish and Iranian representatives, assigned to determine
the borders between the two sides. The committee began
its work in 1913 then stopped as the World War 1 started.
The Turks used the opportunity of the World War 1 in
a devastating way to strike at the Kurdish liberation
movement, starting by their call for jihad against the
infidels!! And exploiting the religious sentiments to draft
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