Salt <strong>Stress</strong> 91 Larcher, W. (1995). Physiological Plant Ecology (3rd edition). Berlin: Springer. Laurie, S., Feeney, K.A., Maathuis, F.J.M., Heard, P.J., Brown, S.J. <strong>and</strong> Leigh, R.A. (2002). A role for HKT1 in sodium uptake by wheat roots. Plant J. 32, 139-149. Laz<strong>of</strong>, D.B. <strong>and</strong> Bernstein, N. (1999). The NaCl induced inhibition <strong>of</strong> shoot growth: the case for disturbed nutrition with special consideration <strong>of</strong> calcium. Adv. Bot. Res. 29, 113-189. Lerner, H.R. (1999). Introduction to the response <strong>of</strong> plants to environmental stresses. In H.R. Lerner (Eds.) Plant responses to environmental stresses (pp. 1-26). New York, Basel: Marcel Dekker. Levitt, J. (1972). Responses <strong>of</strong> Plants to Environmental <strong>Stress</strong>es. New York, San Francisco, London: Academic Press. Lexer, C., Welch, M.E., Durphy, J.L. <strong>and</strong> Rieseberg, L.H. (2003). 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92 Z . Dajic halophyte Salvadora persica grown at moderate salinity. Environ. Exp. Bot. 44, 31-38. Manch<strong>and</strong>ia, A.M., Banks, S.W., Gossett, D.R., Bellaire, B.A., Lucas, M.C. <strong>and</strong> Millhollon, E.P. (1999). The influence <strong>of</strong> alpha-amanitin on the NaCl induced up-regulation <strong>of</strong> antioxidant enzyme activity in cotton callus tissue. Free Radical Res. 30, 429-438. Manetas, Y. (1990). A re-examination <strong>of</strong> sodium chloride effects on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase at high (physiological) enzyme concentrations. Physiol. Plant. 78, 225-229. Mansour, M.M.F., Salama, K.H.A. <strong>and</strong> Al-Mutawa, M.M. (2003). Transport proteins <strong>and</strong> salt tolerance in plants. Plant Sci. 164, 891-900. Marcum, K.B. <strong>and</strong> Murdoch, C.L. (1992). Salt tolerance <strong>of</strong> the coastal salt marsh grass, Sporobulus virginicus (L.) Kunth. New Phytol. 120, 281-288. Mc Cree, K.J. (1986). Whole-plant carbon balance during osmotic adjustment to drought <strong>and</strong> salinity stress. Austr. J. Plant Physiol. 13, 33-43. Medina, M.I., Quesada, M.A., Pliego, F., Botella, M.A. <strong>and</strong> Valpuesta, V. (1999). Expression <strong>of</strong> tomato peroxidase gene TPX1 in NaCl adapted <strong>and</strong> unadapted suspension cells. Plant Cell Rep. 18, 680-683. Mendoza, I., Rubio, F., Rodriguez-Navarro, A. <strong>and</strong> Pardo, J.M. (1994). The protein phosphatase calcineurin is essential for NaCl tolerance <strong>of</strong> Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 8792-8796. Michalowski, C.B., Olson, S.W., Piepenbrock, M., Schmitt, J.M. <strong>and</strong> Bohnert, H.J. (1989). Time course <strong>of</strong> mRNA induction elicited by salt stress in the common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). Plant Physiol. 89, 811-816. Michelet, B. <strong>and</strong> Boutry, M. (1995). The plasma membrane H + -ATPase. Plant Physiol 108, 1-6. Miflin, B. (2000). Crop improvement in the 21 st century. J. Exp. Bot. 51 (MP Special Issue), 1-8. Miller, A.J., Cookson, S.J., Smith, S.J. <strong>and</strong> Wells, D.M. (2001). The use <strong>of</strong> microelectrodes to investigate compartmentation <strong>and</strong> the transport <strong>of</strong> metabolized inorganic ions in plants. J. Exp. Bot. 52, 541-549. Moeljopawiro, S. <strong>and</strong> Ikehashi, H. (1981). Inheritance <strong>of</strong> salt tolerance in rice. Euphytica. 30, 291- 300. Moghaieb, R.E.A., Tanaka, N., Saneoka, H. <strong>and</strong> Hussein, H.A. (2000). Expression <strong>of</strong> betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in transgenic tomato hairy roots leads to the accumulation <strong>of</strong> glycine betaine <strong>and</strong> contributes to the maintenance <strong>of</strong> the osmotic potential under salt stress. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 46, 873-883. Montero, E., Cabot, C, Barcelo, J. <strong>and</strong> Poschenrieder, C. (1997). Endogenous abscisic acid levels are linked to decreased growth <strong>of</strong> bush bean plants treated with NaCl. Physiol. Plant. 101, 17-22. Moya, J.L., Tadeo, F.R., Gomezcadenas, A., Primomillo, E. <strong>and</strong> Talon, M. (2002). Transmissible salt tolerance traits identified trough reciprocal grafts between sensitive Carizzo <strong>and</strong> tolerant Cleopatra citrus genotypes. J. Plant Physiol. 159, 991-998. Mühling, K.H. <strong>and</strong> Läuchli, A. (2002a). Effect <strong>of</strong> salt stress on growth <strong>and</strong> cation compartmentation in leaves <strong>of</strong> two plant species differing in salt tolerance. J.Plant Physiol. 159, 137-146. Mühling, K.H. <strong>and</strong> Läuchli, A. (2002b). Determination <strong>of</strong> apoplastic Na + in intact leaves <strong>of</strong> cotton by in vivo fluorescence ratio-imaging. Funct. Plant Biol. 29, 1491-1499. Munns, R. (1993). Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soils: some dogmas <strong>and</strong> hypotheses. Plant Cell Environ. 16, 15-24. Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology <strong>of</strong> salt <strong>and</strong> water stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25, 239- 250. Munns, R., Cramer, G.R., <strong>and</strong> Ball, M.C. (1999). Interactions between rising CO 2 , soil salinity <strong>and</strong> plant growth. In Y. Luo <strong>and</strong> H.A. Mooney (Eds.), Carbon Dioxide <strong>and</strong> Environmental <strong>Stress</strong> (pp. 139-167). London: Academic Press. Munns, R., Fisher, D.B. <strong>and</strong> Tonnet, M.L. (1986). Na + <strong>and</strong> Cl - transport in the phloem from leaves <strong>of</strong> NaCl-treated barley. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 13, 757-766. Munns, R., Greenway, H. <strong>and</strong> Kirst, G.O. (1983). Halotolerant eukaryotes. In O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond <strong>and</strong> H.H. Ziegler (Eds.) Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Plant <strong>Physiology</strong> (New Series, Vol. 12C, pp. 59-135). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
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PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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About the Editors K.V. Madhava Rao
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS K. AKASHI Grad
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List of Contributors xiii NAVINDER
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PREFACE Increasing agricultural pro
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2 K.V. Madhava Rao Abiotic stresses
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4 K.V. Madhava Rao SOME O THE PROMI
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6 K.V. Madhava Rao 2. WATER STRESS
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8 K.V. Madhava Rao 5. FREEZING STRE
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10 K.V. Madhava Rao of these pathwa
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12 K.V. Madhava Rao Bray, E.A. (199
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14 K.V. Madhava Rao Rao, K.V. Madha
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16 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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18 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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20 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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22 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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24 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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26 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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28 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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30 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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32 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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34 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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36 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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38 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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- Page 104 and 105: Salt Stress 93 Munns, R. and James,
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Freezing Stress 143 (dehydrin) prot
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Freezing Stress 145 in cytosolic Ca
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Freezing Stress 147 Phospholiphase
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Freezing Stress 149 Accumulation of
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Freezing Stress 151 Ideker, T., Gal
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Freezing Stress 153 ellin acid on f
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Freezing Stress 155 Yoshida, S. and
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158 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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160 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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162 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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164 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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166 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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168 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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170 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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172 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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174 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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176 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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178 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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182 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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184 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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186 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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188 K. Janardhan Reddy constitution
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190 K. Janardhan Reddy World nitrog
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192 K. Janardhan Reddy nitrogen def
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194 K. Janardhan Reddy endoplasmic
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196 K. Janardhan Reddy drought cond
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198 K. Janardhan Reddy Manganese-de
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200 K. Janardhan Reddy zinc deficie
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202 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 12 . E
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204 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 14. Ef
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206 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 15. Th
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208 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 17. Co
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210 K. Janardhan Reddy 18. MOLECULA
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212 K. Janardhan Reddy Bush, D.S.,
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214 K. Janardhan Reddy and Cobbett,
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216 K. Janardhan Reddy 143, 109-111
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219 CHAPTER 8 HEAVY METAL STRESS KS
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Heavy Metal Stress 221 porter) and
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Heavy Metal Stress 223 Figure 1. Su
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Heavy Metal Stress 225 is enzymatic
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Heavy Metal Stress 227 BjPCS1 was e
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Heavy Metal Stress 229 following: (
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Heavy Metal Stress 231 a precursor
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Heavy Metal Stress 233 notype. Incr
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Table 1. Proposed specificity and l
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Heavy Metal Stress 237 4.2. Chapero
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Heavy Metal Stress 239 of prokaryot
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Heavy Metal Stress 241 5. HYPERACCU
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Table 2. Genes introduced into plan
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Heavy Metal Stress 245 7. CONCLUSIO
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Heavy Metal Stress 247 controlled b
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Heavy Metal Stress 249 Kägi, J.H.R
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Heavy Metal Stress 251 Murphy, A.,
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Heavy Metal Stress 253 through xyle
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255 CHAPTER 9 METABOLIC ENGINEERING
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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302 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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304 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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306 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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308 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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310 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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312 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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314 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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316 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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318 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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Table 3. Continued... Source Resour
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322 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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324 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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326 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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328 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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330 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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332 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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334 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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336 Index Auxins, 146 Avena sativa
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338 Expressed sequence tags (ESTs),
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340 Index Magnesium, 195 Mairiena s
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342 Index Processes less sensitive
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344 Index Sunflecks, 104 Sunflower,