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294 B. Rathinasabapathi <strong>and</strong> R. Kaur Pieterse, C.M.J., Ton, J. <strong>and</strong> Van Loon, L.C. (2001). Cross-talk between plant defence signaling pathways, boost or burden? AgBiotechNet 3, ABN068. Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., Ebskamp, M.J.M., Paul, M.J., Jeuken, M.J.W., Weisbeek, P.J. <strong>and</strong> Smeekens, S.C.M. (1995). Improved performance <strong>of</strong> transgenic fructan-accumulating tobacco under drought stress. Plant Physiol. 107, 125-130. Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., Ebskamp, M.J.M., Jeuken, M.J.W., van der Meer, I.M., Weisbeek , P.J., Visser, R.G.F. <strong>and</strong> Smeekens, S.C.M. (1996). Microbial production in transgenic potato plants <strong>and</strong> tubers. Indust. Crops Prod. 5, 35-56. Pilon-Smits, E. <strong>and</strong> Pilon, M. (2002). Phytoremediation <strong>of</strong> metals using transgenic plants. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 21, 439-456. Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., Zhu, Y.L., Sears, T. <strong>and</strong> Terry, N. (2000). Overexpression <strong>of</strong> glutathione reductase in Brassica juncea: effects on cadmium accumulation <strong>and</strong> tolerance. Physiol. Plant. 110, 455–460. Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., Hwang, S., Lytle, C.M., Zhu, Y., Tai, J.C., Bravo, R.C., Chen, Y., Leustek, T. <strong>and</strong> Terry, N. (1999). Overexpression <strong>of</strong> ATP sulfurylase in Indian mustard leads to increased selenate uptake, reduction, <strong>and</strong> tolerance. Plant Physiol. 119, 123–132. Pr<strong>and</strong>l, R., Hinderh<strong>of</strong>er, K., Eggers Schumacher, G. <strong>and</strong> Schöffl, F. (1998). HSF3, a new heat shock factor from Arabidopsis thaliana, derepresses the heat shock response <strong>and</strong> confers thermotolerance when overexpressed in transgenic plants. Mol. Gen. Genet. 258, 269–278. Prasad, K.V.S.K., Sharmila, P. <strong>and</strong> Pardha Saradhi, P. (2000b). Enhanced tolerance <strong>of</strong> transgenic Brassica juncea to choline confirms successful expression <strong>of</strong> the bacterial codA gene. Plant Sci. 159, 233–242. Prasad, K.V.S.K., Sharmila ,P., Kumar, P.A. <strong>and</strong> Pardha Saradhi, P. (2000a). Transformation <strong>of</strong> Brassica juncea (L.) Czern with a bacterial codA gene enhances its tolerance to salt stress. Mol. Breed. 6, 489–499. Qiu, Q.-S. , Guo, Y., Dietrich, M. A., Schumaker, K. S. <strong>and</strong> Zhu, J.-K. (2002). Regulation <strong>of</strong> SOS1, a plasma membrane Na 1+ /H 1+ exchanger in Arabidopsis thaliana, by SOS2 <strong>and</strong> SOS3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 8436–8441. Quail, P.H. (1998). The phytochrome family: dissection <strong>of</strong> functional roles <strong>and</strong> signalling pathways among family members. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. 353, 1399-1403. Queitsch C., Hong S.W., Vierling E. <strong>and</strong> Lindquist, S. (2000). Heat shock protein 101 plays a crucial role in thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 12, 479-492. Quimio, C.A., Torrizo, L.B., Setter, T.L., Ellis, M., Grover, A., Abrigo, E.M., Oliva, N.P., Ella, E.S., Carpena, A.L., Ito, O., Peacock, W.J., Dennis, E. <strong>and</strong> Datta, S.K. (2000). Enhancement <strong>of</strong> submergence tolerance in transgenic rice overproducing pyruvate decarboxylase. J. Plant Physiol. 156, 516-521. Raman, S.B. <strong>and</strong> Rathinasabapathi, B. (2003). b-Alanine N-methyltransferase <strong>of</strong> Limonium latifolium. cDNA cloning <strong>and</strong> functional expression <strong>of</strong> a novel N-methyltransferase implicated in the synthesis <strong>of</strong> the osmoprotectant b-alanine betaine. Plant Physiol 132,1642-1651. Ramjee, M.K., Genschel, U., Abell, C. <strong>and</strong> Smith, A.G. (1997). Escherichia coli L-aspartate alpha decarboxylase: preprotein processing <strong>and</strong> observation <strong>of</strong> reaction intermediates by electrospray mass spectrometry. Biochem. J. 323, 661-669. Rathinasabapathi, B, Fouad, W.M. <strong>and</strong> Sigua, C.A. (2001). b-Alanine betaine synthesis in the Plumbaginaceae. Purification <strong>and</strong> characterization <strong>of</strong> a trifunctional, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent N-methyltransferase from Limonium latifolium leaves. Plant Physiol 126, 1241-1249. Rathinasabapathi, B. (2000). Metabolic engineering for stress tolerance: Installing osmoprotectant synthesis pathways. Ann Bot 86, 709-716. Rathinasabapathi, B. (2002). Quaternary ammonium osmoprotectants: Engineering their synthetic pathways to enhance crop stress tolerance. Reviews in Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 1, 127-134. Rathinasabapathi, B., <strong>and</strong> Raman, S.B. (2005). Exogenous supply <strong>of</strong> pantoyl lactone to excised leaves increases their pantothenate levels. Ann. Bot. 95, 1033-1037.
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PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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About the Editors K.V. Madhava Rao
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS K. AKASHI Grad
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List of Contributors xiii NAVINDER
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PREFACE Increasing agricultural pro
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2 K.V. Madhava Rao Abiotic stresses
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4 K.V. Madhava Rao SOME O THE PROMI
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6 K.V. Madhava Rao 2. WATER STRESS
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8 K.V. Madhava Rao 5. FREEZING STRE
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10 K.V. Madhava Rao of these pathwa
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12 K.V. Madhava Rao Bray, E.A. (199
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14 K.V. Madhava Rao Rao, K.V. Madha
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16 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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18 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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20 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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24 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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28 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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30 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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32 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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34 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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36 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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38 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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41 CHAPTER 3 SALT STRESS ZORA DAJIC
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Salt Stress 43 activities (mainly i
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Salt Stress 45 In summary, mechanis
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Salt Stress 47 tolerance research i
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Salt Stress 49 need to rely on sodi
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Salt Stress 51 (Echeverria, 2000).
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Salt Stress 53 Therefore, the capac
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Salt Stress 55 Reduced plant growth
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Salt Stress 57 Table 3. Salt tolera
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Salt Stress 59 6.2. Nitrogen Fixati
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Salt Stress 61 A significant number
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Salt Stress 63 macromolecules, irre
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Salt Stress 65 8.2. Ion Homeostasis
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Salt Stress 67 1997), is speculated
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Salt Stress 69 together with the At
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Salt Stress 71 important role in si
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Salt Stress 73 Figure 5. Determinan
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Salt Stress 75 9.1.Transgenic Plant
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Salt Stress 77 tolerance from halop
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Salt Stress 79 sponse and yield (Su
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Salt Stress 81 Table 5. Possible ut
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Salt Stress 83 monitored with fluor
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Salt Stress 85 Func. Plant Biol. 29
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Salt Stress 87 Dajic, Z., Stevanovi
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Salt Stress 89 Gouia, H., Ghorbal,
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Salt Stress 91 Larcher, W. (1995).
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Salt Stress 93 Munns, R. and James,
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Salt Stress 95 Rausell, A., Kanhono
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Salt Stress 97 durum wheat crops gr
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Salt Stress 99 Yoshida, K. (2002).
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102 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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104 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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106 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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108 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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110 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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120 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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124 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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126 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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128 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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131 CHAPTER 5 FREEZING STRESS: SYST
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Freezing Stress 133 Whereas, in the
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Freezing Stress 135 genes at the tr
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Freezing Stress 137 with physiologi
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Freezing Stress 139 (1997). However
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Freezing Stress 141 (Barnett et al.
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Freezing Stress 143 (dehydrin) prot
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Freezing Stress 145 in cytosolic Ca
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Freezing Stress 147 Phospholiphase
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Freezing Stress 149 Accumulation of
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Freezing Stress 151 Ideker, T., Gal
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Freezing Stress 153 ellin acid on f
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Freezing Stress 155 Yoshida, S. and
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158 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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160 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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162 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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164 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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176 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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178 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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180 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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182 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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184 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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186 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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188 K. Janardhan Reddy constitution
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190 K. Janardhan Reddy World nitrog
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192 K. Janardhan Reddy nitrogen def
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194 K. Janardhan Reddy endoplasmic
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196 K. Janardhan Reddy drought cond
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198 K. Janardhan Reddy Manganese-de
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200 K. Janardhan Reddy zinc deficie
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202 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 12 . E
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204 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 14. Ef
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206 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 15. Th
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208 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 17. Co
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210 K. Janardhan Reddy 18. MOLECULA
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212 K. Janardhan Reddy Bush, D.S.,
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214 K. Janardhan Reddy and Cobbett,
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216 K. Janardhan Reddy 143, 109-111
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219 CHAPTER 8 HEAVY METAL STRESS KS
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Heavy Metal Stress 221 porter) and
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Heavy Metal Stress 223 Figure 1. Su
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Heavy Metal Stress 225 is enzymatic
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Heavy Metal Stress 227 BjPCS1 was e
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Heavy Metal Stress 229 following: (
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Heavy Metal Stress 231 a precursor
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Heavy Metal Stress 233 notype. Incr
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Table 1. Proposed specificity and l
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Heavy Metal Stress 237 4.2. Chapero
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Heavy Metal Stress 239 of prokaryot
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Heavy Metal Stress 241 5. HYPERACCU
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- Page 342 and 343: 336 Index Auxins, 146 Avena sativa
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344 Index Sunflecks, 104 Sunflower,