Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress ... - KHAM PHA MOI

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Metabolic Engineering for Stress Tolerance 277 Table 5. Metabolic engineering of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes to combat oxidative stress in plants Gene Gene action Species Phenotypic References expression Sod Cu/Zn superoxide Tobacco, No protection seen Tepperman and dismutase tomato against superoxide Dunsmuir toxicity (1990) Mn superoxide Tobacco Reduced cellular Bowler et. al., dismutase damage under (1991) oxidative stress Cu/Zn superoxide Tobacco Retained 90% Gupta et. al., dismutase photosynthesis under (1993a) chilling and heat stress Mn superoxide Alfalfa Increased tolerance to McKersie et. al., dismutase freezing stress (1993) Fe superoxide Tobacco Protected plants from Van Camp et. al., dismutase ozone damage (1996) Mn superoxide Alfalfa Increased tolerance to McKersie et. al., dismutase water deficit (1996) Nt107 Glutathione Tobacco Sustained growth under Roxas et. al., S-transferase cold and salinity stress (1997) MsFer Ferritin (iron Tobacco Increased tolerance of Deak et. al., storage) oxidative damage caused (1999) by excess iron Sod Mn superoxide Alfalfa Increased winter McKersie et. al., dismutase survival (1999) Mn superoxide Tobacco Increased tolerance to Yu et. al., (1999) dismutase Mn deficiency Apx3 Ascorbate Tobacco Increased protection Wang et. al., peroxidase against oxidative stress (1999) ParB Glutathione Arabidopsis Protects against Al Ezaki et. al., S-transferase toxicity and oxidative (2000) stress GST/ Glutathione Tobacco Increased stress Roxas et. al., GPX S-transferase tolerance with (2000) glutathione peroxidase Sod Cu, MN, Fe, Alfalfa, Increased winter McKersie Zn-SOD rye grass hardiness (2001)
278 B. Rathinasabapathi and R. Kaur implicated to have an adaptive role in plant’s tolerance to heat stress (Vierling, 1991; Klueva et al., 2001). It is believed that HSPs exhibit chaperone functions by assisting other proteins in proper post-translational folding and maintaining them in a functional state. Transgenic expression of HSPs has increased the thermotolerance in many instances. A transgenic approach was successfully used for manipulating HSP expression and heat tolerance in Arabidopsis (Lee et. al., 1995; Lee and Schöffl, 1996; Prandl et. al., 1998; Malik et. al., 1999; Queitsch et. al., 2000; Sanmiya et. al., 2004) (Table 6). Table 6. Utilization of various heat shock protein families for development of thermotolerant transgenic plants Gene Gene action Species Phenotypic References expression Hsp70 Heat-inducible Arabidopsis Increased thermo Lee and Schoff antisense HSP70 tolerance in (1996) transgenic plants Hsp17.7 Heat shock protein Carrot Increased or Malik et. al., decreased (1999) thermotolerance Hsp101 Heat shock protein Arabidopsis Decreased Hong and thermotolerance in Vierling (2000) Hsp101-deficient (hot1) mutant Hsp101 Heat shock protein Arabidopsis Manipulated Queitsch et. al., themotolerance in (2000) transgenic plants Transgenic tobacco expressing class I cytosolic small HSP gene, TLHS1 showed up to two times higher cotyledon opening rates in comparison to the transgenic tobacco seedlings carrying the TLHS1 gene in antisense orientation at high temperature stresses of 40 °C and 45 °C for 1 to 4 h (Park and Hong, 2002). Expression of Athsp101 and sHSP17.7 into the basmati rice resulted in higher survival and better growth performance in the recovery phase following the heat stress (Agarwal et. al., 2003; Murakami et. al., 2004). Overexpression of certain transcriptional regulators of HSP expression, like HSF1 and HSF3, triggered plants to constitutively express HSPs for higher basal thermotolerance (Lee et. al., 1995; Prändl et. al., 1998).
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PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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About the Editors K.V. Madhava Rao
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS K. AKASHI Grad
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List of Contributors xiii NAVINDER
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PREFACE Increasing agricultural pro
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2 K.V. Madhava Rao Abiotic stresses
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4 K.V. Madhava Rao SOME O THE PROMI
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6 K.V. Madhava Rao 2. WATER STRESS
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8 K.V. Madhava Rao 5. FREEZING STRE
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10 K.V. Madhava Rao of these pathwa
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12 K.V. Madhava Rao Bray, E.A. (199
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14 K.V. Madhava Rao Rao, K.V. Madha
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16 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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41 CHAPTER 3 SALT STRESS ZORA DAJIC
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Salt Stress 43 activities (mainly i
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Salt Stress 45 In summary, mechanis
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Salt Stress 47 tolerance research i
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Salt Stress 49 need to rely on sodi
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Salt Stress 51 (Echeverria, 2000).
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Salt Stress 53 Therefore, the capac
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Salt Stress 55 Reduced plant growth
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Salt Stress 57 Table 3. Salt tolera
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Salt Stress 59 6.2. Nitrogen Fixati
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Salt Stress 61 A significant number
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Salt Stress 63 macromolecules, irre
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Salt Stress 65 8.2. Ion Homeostasis
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Salt Stress 67 1997), is speculated
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Salt Stress 69 together with the At
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Salt Stress 71 important role in si
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Salt Stress 73 Figure 5. Determinan
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Salt Stress 75 9.1.Transgenic Plant
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Salt Stress 77 tolerance from halop
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Salt Stress 79 sponse and yield (Su
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Salt Stress 81 Table 5. Possible ut
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Salt Stress 83 monitored with fluor
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Salt Stress 85 Func. Plant Biol. 29
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Salt Stress 87 Dajic, Z., Stevanovi
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Salt Stress 89 Gouia, H., Ghorbal,
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Salt Stress 91 Larcher, W. (1995).
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Salt Stress 93 Munns, R. and James,
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Salt Stress 95 Rausell, A., Kanhono
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Salt Stress 97 durum wheat crops gr
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Salt Stress 99 Yoshida, K. (2002).
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102 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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131 CHAPTER 5 FREEZING STRESS: SYST
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Freezing Stress 133 Whereas, in the
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Freezing Stress 135 genes at the tr
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Freezing Stress 137 with physiologi
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Freezing Stress 139 (1997). However
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Freezing Stress 141 (Barnett et al.
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Freezing Stress 143 (dehydrin) prot
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Freezing Stress 145 in cytosolic Ca
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Freezing Stress 147 Phospholiphase
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Freezing Stress 149 Accumulation of
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Freezing Stress 151 Ideker, T., Gal
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Freezing Stress 153 ellin acid on f
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Freezing Stress 155 Yoshida, S. and
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158 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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188 K. Janardhan Reddy constitution
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190 K. Janardhan Reddy World nitrog
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192 K. Janardhan Reddy nitrogen def
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194 K. Janardhan Reddy endoplasmic
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196 K. Janardhan Reddy drought cond
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198 K. Janardhan Reddy Manganese-de
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200 K. Janardhan Reddy zinc deficie
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202 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 12 . E
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204 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 14. Ef
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206 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 15. Th
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208 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 17. Co
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210 K. Janardhan Reddy 18. MOLECULA
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212 K. Janardhan Reddy Bush, D.S.,
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214 K. Janardhan Reddy and Cobbett,
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216 K. Janardhan Reddy 143, 109-111
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219 CHAPTER 8 HEAVY METAL STRESS KS
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Heavy Metal Stress 221 porter) and
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Heavy Metal Stress 223 Figure 1. Su
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Heavy Metal Stress 225 is enzymatic
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Page 238 and 239: Heavy Metal Stress 231 a precursor
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Page 242 and 243: Table 1. Proposed specificity and l
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Page 248 and 249: Heavy Metal Stress 241 5. HYPERACCU
Page 250 and 251: Table 2. Genes introduced into plan
Page 252 and 253: Heavy Metal Stress 245 7. CONCLUSIO
Page 254 and 255: Heavy Metal Stress 247 controlled b
Page 256 and 257: Heavy Metal Stress 249 Kägi, J.H.R
Page 258 and 259: Heavy Metal Stress 251 Murphy, A.,
Page 260 and 261: Heavy Metal Stress 253 through xyle
Page 262 and 263: 255 CHAPTER 9 METABOLIC ENGINEERING
Page 264 and 265: Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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328 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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336 Index Auxins, 146 Avena sativa
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338 Expressed sequence tags (ESTs),
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340 Index Magnesium, 195 Mairiena s
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342 Index Processes less sensitive
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344 Index Sunflecks, 104 Sunflower,
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