Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress ... - KHAM PHA MOI

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Salt Stress 57 Table 3. Salt tolerance of crops (cereals, forage crops, vegetables and fruit crops) Common name Botanical name Threshold Slope Rating Ec e (dSm -1 ) % per dSm -1 Alfalfa Medicago sativa L. 2.0 7.3 MS Almond Prunus ducilis L. 1.5 19.0 S Apple Malus sylvestris L. - - S Apricot Prunus armeniaca L. 1.6 24.0 S Asparagus Asparagus officinalis L. 4.1 2.0 T Barley Hordeum vulgare L. 8.0 5.0 T Beet, red Beta vulgaris L. 4.0 9.0 MT Bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. 1.0 19.0 S Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 6.9 6.4 T Blackberry Rubus sp. 1.5 22.0 S Broad bean Vicia faba L. 1.6 9.6 MS Cabbage Brassica oleracea L. 1.8 9.7 MS Canola Brassica napus L. - - T Carrot Daucus carota L. 1.0 14.0 S Castorbean Ricinus communis L. - - MS Celery Apium graveolens L. 1.8 6.2 MS Cherry Prunus avium L. - - S Chickpea Cicer arietinum L. - - MS Clover, alsike Trifolium hybridum L. 1.5 12.0 MS Clover, red Trifolium pratense L. 1.5 12.0 MS Clover, sweet Melilotus sp. Mill. - - MS Clover, ladino Trifolium repens L. 1.5 12.0 MS Corn Zea mays L. 1.7 12.0 MS Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. 7.7 5.2 T Cucumber Cucumis sativus L. 2.5 13.0 MS Currant Ribes sp. L. - - S Eggplant Solanum melongena L. 1.1 6.9 MS Fig Ficus carica L. - - MT Flax Linum usitatissimum L. 1.7 12.0 MS Garlic Allium sativum L. 1.7 10.0 MS Grape Vitis sp. L. 1.5 9.6 MS Kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus L. 8.1 11.6 T Lemon Citrus limon L. - - S Lettuce Lactuca sativa L. 1.3 13.0 MS
58 Z . Dajic Table 3. Continued... Muskmelon Cucumis melo L. 1.0 8.4 MS Oats Avena sativa L. - - T Olive Olea europaea L. - - MT Onion Allium cepa L. 1.2 16.0 S Orange Citrus sinensis L. 1.7 16.0 S Parsnip Pastinaca sativa L. - - S Pea Pisum sativum L. 3.4 10.6 MS Peach Prunus persica L. 1.7 21.0 S Peanut Arachis hypogaea L. 3.2 29.0 MS Pear Pyrus communis L. - - S Pepper Capsicum annuum L. 1.5 14.0 MS Plum Prunus domestica L. 1.5 18.0 S Pomegranate Punica granatum L. - - MT Potato Solanum tuberosum L. 1.7 12.0 MS Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo L. - - MS Radish Raphanus sativus L. 1.2 13.0 MS Raspberry Rubus idaeus L. - - S Rice Oryza sativa L. - - S Rye Secale cereale L. 11.4 10.8 T Rye grass, Italian Lolium multiflorum Lam. - - MT Rye grass, Lolium perenne L. 5.6 7.6 MT perennial Sorghum Sorghum bicolor L. 6.8 16.0 MT Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill 5.0 20.0 MT Spinach Spinacia oleracea L. 2.0 7.6 MS Strawberry Fragaria vesca L. 1.0 33.0 S Sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. 7.0 5.9 T Sugar cane Saccharum officinarum L. 1.7 5.9 MS Sunflower Helianthus annuus L. - - MT Timothy Phleum pratense L. - - MS Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum L. 2.5 9.9 MS Triticale x Triticosecale Wittmack 6.1 2.5 T Turnip Brassica rapa L. 0.9 9.0 MS Wheat Triticum eastivum L. 6.0 7.1 MT (adapted after Maas, 1986, 1990 and Francois and Maas, 1994; T- tolerant, MT- moderately tolerant, MS-moderately sensitive, S- sensitive)
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PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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About the Editors K.V. Madhava Rao
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS K. AKASHI Grad
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List of Contributors xiii NAVINDER
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PREFACE Increasing agricultural pro
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2 K.V. Madhava Rao Abiotic stresses
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4 K.V. Madhava Rao SOME O THE PROMI
Page 18 and 19: 6 K.V. Madhava Rao 2. WATER STRESS
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Page 24 and 25: 12 K.V. Madhava Rao Bray, E.A. (199
Page 26 and 27: 14 K.V. Madhava Rao Rao, K.V. Madha
Page 28 and 29: 16 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
Page 52 and 53: 41 CHAPTER 3 SALT STRESS ZORA DAJIC
Page 54 and 55: Salt Stress 43 activities (mainly i
Page 56 and 57: Salt Stress 45 In summary, mechanis
Page 58 and 59: Salt Stress 47 tolerance research i
Page 60 and 61: Salt Stress 49 need to rely on sodi
Page 62 and 63: Salt Stress 51 (Echeverria, 2000).
Page 64 and 65: Salt Stress 53 Therefore, the capac
Page 66 and 67: Salt Stress 55 Reduced plant growth
Page 70 and 71: Salt Stress 59 6.2. Nitrogen Fixati
Page 72 and 73: Salt Stress 61 A significant number
Page 74 and 75: Salt Stress 63 macromolecules, irre
Page 76 and 77: Salt Stress 65 8.2. Ion Homeostasis
Page 78 and 79: Salt Stress 67 1997), is speculated
Page 80 and 81: Salt Stress 69 together with the At
Page 82 and 83: Salt Stress 71 important role in si
Page 84 and 85: Salt Stress 73 Figure 5. Determinan
Page 86 and 87: Salt Stress 75 9.1.Transgenic Plant
Page 88 and 89: Salt Stress 77 tolerance from halop
Page 90 and 91: Salt Stress 79 sponse and yield (Su
Page 92 and 93: Salt Stress 81 Table 5. Possible ut
Page 94 and 95: Salt Stress 83 monitored with fluor
Page 96 and 97: Salt Stress 85 Func. Plant Biol. 29
Page 98 and 99: Salt Stress 87 Dajic, Z., Stevanovi
Page 100 and 101: Salt Stress 89 Gouia, H., Ghorbal,
Page 102 and 103: Salt Stress 91 Larcher, W. (1995).
Page 104 and 105: Salt Stress 93 Munns, R. and James,
Page 106 and 107: Salt Stress 95 Rausell, A., Kanhono
Page 108 and 109: Salt Stress 97 durum wheat crops gr
Page 110 and 111: Salt Stress 99 Yoshida, K. (2002).
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108 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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131 CHAPTER 5 FREEZING STRESS: SYST
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Freezing Stress 133 Whereas, in the
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Freezing Stress 135 genes at the tr
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Freezing Stress 137 with physiologi
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Freezing Stress 139 (1997). However
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Freezing Stress 141 (Barnett et al.
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Freezing Stress 143 (dehydrin) prot
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Freezing Stress 145 in cytosolic Ca
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Freezing Stress 147 Phospholiphase
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Freezing Stress 149 Accumulation of
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Freezing Stress 151 Ideker, T., Gal
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Freezing Stress 153 ellin acid on f
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Freezing Stress 155 Yoshida, S. and
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158 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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188 K. Janardhan Reddy constitution
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190 K. Janardhan Reddy World nitrog
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192 K. Janardhan Reddy nitrogen def
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194 K. Janardhan Reddy endoplasmic
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196 K. Janardhan Reddy drought cond
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198 K. Janardhan Reddy Manganese-de
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200 K. Janardhan Reddy zinc deficie
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202 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 12 . E
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204 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 14. Ef
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206 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 15. Th
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208 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 17. Co
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210 K. Janardhan Reddy 18. MOLECULA
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212 K. Janardhan Reddy Bush, D.S.,
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214 K. Janardhan Reddy and Cobbett,
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216 K. Janardhan Reddy 143, 109-111
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219 CHAPTER 8 HEAVY METAL STRESS KS
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Heavy Metal Stress 221 porter) and
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Heavy Metal Stress 223 Figure 1. Su
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Heavy Metal Stress 225 is enzymatic
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Heavy Metal Stress 227 BjPCS1 was e
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Heavy Metal Stress 229 following: (
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Heavy Metal Stress 231 a precursor
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Heavy Metal Stress 233 notype. Incr
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Table 1. Proposed specificity and l
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Heavy Metal Stress 237 4.2. Chapero
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Heavy Metal Stress 239 of prokaryot
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Heavy Metal Stress 241 5. HYPERACCU
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Table 2. Genes introduced into plan
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Heavy Metal Stress 245 7. CONCLUSIO
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Heavy Metal Stress 247 controlled b
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Heavy Metal Stress 249 Kägi, J.H.R
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Heavy Metal Stress 251 Murphy, A.,
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Heavy Metal Stress 253 through xyle
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255 CHAPTER 9 METABOLIC ENGINEERING
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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302 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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Table 3. Continued... Source Resour
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336 Index Auxins, 146 Avena sativa
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338 Expressed sequence tags (ESTs),
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340 Index Magnesium, 195 Mairiena s
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342 Index Processes less sensitive
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344 Index Sunflecks, 104 Sunflower,
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