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288 B. Rathinasabapathi <strong>and</strong> R. Kaur Gilmour, S.J., Sebolt, A.M., Salazar, M.P., Everard, J.D. <strong>and</strong> Thomashow, M.F. (2000). Overexpression <strong>of</strong> the Arabidopsis CBF3 transcriptional activator mimics multiple biochemical changes associated with cold acclimation. Plant Physiol. 124, 1854–1865. Gleeson, D., Walter, M.-A. L. <strong>and</strong> Parkinson, M. (2005). Overproduction <strong>of</strong> proline in transgenic hybrid larch (Larix x leptoeuropaea (Dengler)) cultures renders them tolerant to cold, salt <strong>and</strong> frost. Mol. Breed. 15, 21–29. Goddijn, O.J.M. <strong>and</strong> van Dun, K. (1999). Trehalose metabolism in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 4, 315- 319. Götz, T., S<strong>and</strong>mann, G. <strong>and</strong> Römer, S. (2002). Expression <strong>of</strong> a bacterial carotene hydroxylase gene (crtZ) enhances UV tolerance in tobacco. Plant Mol. Biol. 50, 129–142. Grichko, V.P., Filby, B. <strong>and</strong> Glick, B.R. (2000). Increased ability <strong>of</strong> transgenic plants expression the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase to accumulate Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, <strong>and</strong> Zn. J. Biotechnol. 81, 45-53. Grichko, V.P. <strong>and</strong> Glick, B.R. (2001b). Ethylene <strong>and</strong> flooding stress in plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 39, 1-9. Grichko, V.P. <strong>and</strong> Glick, B.R. (2001a). Amelioration <strong>of</strong> flooding stress by ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacteria. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 39, 11-17. Grover, A., Sahi, C. Sanan, N. <strong>and</strong> Grover, A. (1999). Taming abiotic stress in plants through genetic engineering, current strategies <strong>and</strong> perspective. Plant. Sci., 143, 101–111. Guerinot, M.L. (2001). Improving rice yields-ironing out the details. Nature Biotechnol. 19, 417– 418. Gupta, A.S., Heinen, J.L., Holaday, A.S., Burke, J.J. <strong>and</strong> Allen, R.D. (1993a). Increased resistance to oxidative stress in transgenic plants that over-express chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 1629-1633. Gupta, A.S., Webb, R.P., Holaday, A.S. <strong>and</strong> Allen, R.D. (1993b). Overexpression <strong>of</strong> superoxide dismutase protects plants from oxidative stress. Plant Physiol. 103, 1067-1073. Guy, C. (1999). The influence <strong>of</strong> temperature extremes on gene expression, genomic structure <strong>and</strong> the evolution <strong>of</strong> induced tolerance in plants. In: Plant Responses to Environmental <strong>Stress</strong>es, (Ed). H. R. Lerner. Marcel Dekker, New York, 497–548. Haake V., Cook D., Riechmann J.L., Pineda O., Thomashow M.F. <strong>and</strong> Zhang, J.Z. (2002). Transcription factor CBF4 is a regulator <strong>of</strong> drought adaptation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 130, 639-648. Hamada, T., Kodama, H., Nishimura, M. <strong>and</strong> Iba, K. (1996). Modification <strong>of</strong> fatty acid composition by over- <strong>and</strong> antisense-expressions <strong>of</strong> a microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturase gene in transgenic tobacco. Transgenic Res. 5, 115–121. Hamada, T., Kodama, H., Takeshita, K., Utsumi, H. <strong>and</strong> Iba, K. (1998). Characterization <strong>of</strong> transgenic tobacco with an increased a-linolenic acid level. Plant Physiol., 118: 591–598. Hamer, D.H. 1985. Metallothionein. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55, 913–951. Hanson, A.D., Rathinasabapathi, B., Chamberlin, B. <strong>and</strong> Gage, D.A. (1991). Comparative physiological evidence that beta-alanine betaine <strong>and</strong> choline-O-sulfate act as compatible osmolytes in halophytic Limonium species. Plant Physiol. 97, 1199-1205. Harada, E., Choi, Y.-E., Tsuchisaka, A., Obata, H. <strong>and</strong> San, H. (2001). Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a rice cysteine synthase gene are tolerant to toxic levels <strong>of</strong> cadmium. J. Plant Physiol. 158, 655–661. Hasegawa, I., Terada, E., Sunairi, M., Wakita, H., Shinmachi, F., Noguchi, A., Nakajima, M. <strong>and</strong> Yakazi. J. (1997). Genetic improvement <strong>of</strong> heavy metal tolerance in plants by transfer <strong>of</strong> the yeast metallothionein gene (CUP1). Plant Soil 196, 277–281. Hasegawa, P. M., Bressan, R. A., Zhu, J. K. <strong>and</strong> Bohnert, H.J. (2000). Plant cellular <strong>and</strong> molecular responses to high salinity. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51, 12043-12048. Hayashi H., Alia, Mustardy L., Deshnium P., Ida M. <strong>and</strong> Murata, N. (1997). Transformation <strong>of</strong> Arabidopsis thaliana with the codA gene for choline oxidase; accumulation <strong>of</strong> glycine betaine <strong>and</strong> enhanced tolerance to salt <strong>and</strong> cold stress. Plant J. 12, 133-142.
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PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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About the Editors K.V. Madhava Rao
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS K. AKASHI Grad
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List of Contributors xiii NAVINDER
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PREFACE Increasing agricultural pro
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2 K.V. Madhava Rao Abiotic stresses
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4 K.V. Madhava Rao SOME O THE PROMI
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6 K.V. Madhava Rao 2. WATER STRESS
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8 K.V. Madhava Rao 5. FREEZING STRE
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10 K.V. Madhava Rao of these pathwa
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12 K.V. Madhava Rao Bray, E.A. (199
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14 K.V. Madhava Rao Rao, K.V. Madha
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16 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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18 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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20 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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22 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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24 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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26 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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28 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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30 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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32 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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34 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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36 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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38 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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41 CHAPTER 3 SALT STRESS ZORA DAJIC
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Salt Stress 43 activities (mainly i
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Salt Stress 45 In summary, mechanis
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Salt Stress 47 tolerance research i
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Salt Stress 49 need to rely on sodi
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Salt Stress 51 (Echeverria, 2000).
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Salt Stress 53 Therefore, the capac
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Salt Stress 55 Reduced plant growth
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Salt Stress 57 Table 3. Salt tolera
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Salt Stress 59 6.2. Nitrogen Fixati
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Salt Stress 61 A significant number
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Salt Stress 63 macromolecules, irre
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Salt Stress 65 8.2. Ion Homeostasis
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Salt Stress 67 1997), is speculated
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Salt Stress 69 together with the At
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Salt Stress 71 important role in si
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Salt Stress 73 Figure 5. Determinan
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Salt Stress 75 9.1.Transgenic Plant
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Salt Stress 77 tolerance from halop
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Salt Stress 79 sponse and yield (Su
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Salt Stress 81 Table 5. Possible ut
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Salt Stress 83 monitored with fluor
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Salt Stress 85 Func. Plant Biol. 29
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Salt Stress 87 Dajic, Z., Stevanovi
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Salt Stress 89 Gouia, H., Ghorbal,
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Salt Stress 91 Larcher, W. (1995).
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Salt Stress 93 Munns, R. and James,
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Salt Stress 95 Rausell, A., Kanhono
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Salt Stress 97 durum wheat crops gr
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Salt Stress 99 Yoshida, K. (2002).
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102 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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104 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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106 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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108 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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110 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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112 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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114 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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116 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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118 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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120 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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122 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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124 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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126 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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128 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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131 CHAPTER 5 FREEZING STRESS: SYST
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Freezing Stress 133 Whereas, in the
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Freezing Stress 135 genes at the tr
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Freezing Stress 137 with physiologi
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Freezing Stress 139 (1997). However
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Freezing Stress 141 (Barnett et al.
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Freezing Stress 143 (dehydrin) prot
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Freezing Stress 145 in cytosolic Ca
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Freezing Stress 147 Phospholiphase
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Freezing Stress 149 Accumulation of
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Freezing Stress 151 Ideker, T., Gal
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Freezing Stress 153 ellin acid on f
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Freezing Stress 155 Yoshida, S. and
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158 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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160 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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162 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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164 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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166 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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168 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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170 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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174 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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176 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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178 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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180 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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182 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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184 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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186 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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188 K. Janardhan Reddy constitution
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190 K. Janardhan Reddy World nitrog
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192 K. Janardhan Reddy nitrogen def
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194 K. Janardhan Reddy endoplasmic
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196 K. Janardhan Reddy drought cond
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198 K. Janardhan Reddy Manganese-de
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200 K. Janardhan Reddy zinc deficie
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202 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 12 . E
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204 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 14. Ef
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206 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 15. Th
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208 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 17. Co
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210 K. Janardhan Reddy 18. MOLECULA
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212 K. Janardhan Reddy Bush, D.S.,
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214 K. Janardhan Reddy and Cobbett,
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216 K. Janardhan Reddy 143, 109-111
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219 CHAPTER 8 HEAVY METAL STRESS KS
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Heavy Metal Stress 221 porter) and
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Heavy Metal Stress 223 Figure 1. Su
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Heavy Metal Stress 225 is enzymatic
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Heavy Metal Stress 227 BjPCS1 was e
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Heavy Metal Stress 229 following: (
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Heavy Metal Stress 231 a precursor
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Heavy Metal Stress 233 notype. Incr
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Table 1. Proposed specificity and l
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- Page 342 and 343: 336 Index Auxins, 146 Avena sativa
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338 Expressed sequence tags (ESTs),
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340 Index Magnesium, 195 Mairiena s
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342 Index Processes less sensitive
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344 Index Sunflecks, 104 Sunflower,