Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress ... - KHAM PHA MOI

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322 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini tion lines available. Detailed analyses of 88,122 lines have revealed mutations in ~74% of Arabidopsis genes (Alonso et al., 2003). On the other hand, though a database is available for T-DNA tagging lines of rice, it is not saturated, representing less than 10% the number of lines required (Jeon et al., 2000). A total of 13,450 lines of rice are also available which can be used both for promoter trapping and activation tagging (Jeong et al., 2002). Chen et al. (2003) also characterized over 1000 T-DNA tags in rice genome. There are several other rice mutant resources developed by the international rice research community (Hirochika et al., 2004). A large resource of Mutator (Mu) insertions is also available for maize (May et al., 2003). Several institutes and companies in Europe have formed consortia (European Consortia for Functional Genomics; see table 3) for functional genomics. GenoPlante- Info (GPI; http://genoplante-info.infobiogen.fr/); FLAG DB/FST database (Flanking sequenced tags; ~10,000 sequences flanking T-DNA insertion sites); CATMA (Complete Arabidopsis Transcriptome Micro-Array; 21,120 gene specific tags are available at the site); GPI EST database (EST’s are available from Arabidopsis, rice, Sorghum bicolor, Medicago truncatula, Zinnia elegans, wheat, rapeseed, sunflower and pea) and The Plantgene database (collection of Arabidopsis full length cDNA’s) and SAGE data (Samson et al., 2003). Few databases have been described lately which are more specific, these include PlantsP and PlantsT functional genomics database which specifically provide information related to protein phosphorylation and membrane transport respectively (Tchieu et al., 2003). Both these databases not only provide sequence related information about protein kinases, phospahatases, and membrane transport proteins but also data on experimental functional genomics. One major database dedicated to stress genomics is the Stress Functional Genomics Consortium (http://stress-genomics.org/). It contains a collection of stress responsive ESTs from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Mesembryanthemum crystalinum, Hordeum vulgare, Selaginella and Dunaliella. A collection of Arabidopsis mutants altered in stress signaling and global gene expression profiles of Arabidopsis, rice and ice plant under stress conditions can also be accessed through the site. In future, it would be desirable to integrate information spread over several databases. 7. CONCLUSIONS Use of traditional approaches for studying gene function has given way to genomewide approaches and as the sequencing data from more plants are becoming available, the interest is shifting to see what lies beyond the ‘bases’. The task of identifying the function of each gene and their inter-relationships is not going to be easy unless more genome-wide approaches are employed. For instance, a large collection of insertional mutant plants freely available through several databases, microarrays and their modifications, proteome analysis and other techniques which have developed side by side to the large scale sequencing programs of model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice are now available. Expression profiling would give ready clues only about the
Table 4. Some databases for sequenced flanking insertion sites Source Resource Website Reference Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock ~500 Ds insertion flanking http://nasc.nott.ac.uk/ima.html Wilson et al. (1999). Center (NASC), England sequences (Arabidopsis) European Consortia 60,000 sequenced insertion sites www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/science/cdb/exotic/ Hilson et al. (2003). (Arabidopsis) SALK Institute, USA ~94,947 T-DNA Flanking http://signal.salk.edu/cgi-bin/tdnaexpress Pan et al. (2003). sequences (Arabidopsis) Torrey Mesa Research Institute ~100,000 T-DNA flanking http://www.tmri.org/pages/collaborations/ Pan et al. (2003). (TMRI) USA sequences (Arabidopsis) garlic_files/ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, ~26,800 Ds, gene trap and http://genetrap.cshl.org/ Pan et al. (2003). USA enhancer trap lines (Arabidopsis) Functional Genomics of Stress Tolerance John Innes Centre, England ~13,000 DSpm and Ds gene trap http://atidb.cshl.org/ Pan et al. (2003). lines (Arabidpsis) Arabidopsis Biological Research 50,256 T-DNA flanking http://arabidopsis.org/abrc/ Rhee et al. (2003). Center, USA sequences (Arabidopsis) 323
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PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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About the Editors K.V. Madhava Rao
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS K. AKASHI Grad
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List of Contributors xiii NAVINDER
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PREFACE Increasing agricultural pro
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2 K.V. Madhava Rao Abiotic stresses
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4 K.V. Madhava Rao SOME O THE PROMI
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6 K.V. Madhava Rao 2. WATER STRESS
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8 K.V. Madhava Rao 5. FREEZING STRE
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10 K.V. Madhava Rao of these pathwa
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12 K.V. Madhava Rao Bray, E.A. (199
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14 K.V. Madhava Rao Rao, K.V. Madha
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16 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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41 CHAPTER 3 SALT STRESS ZORA DAJIC
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Salt Stress 43 activities (mainly i
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Salt Stress 45 In summary, mechanis
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Salt Stress 47 tolerance research i
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Salt Stress 49 need to rely on sodi
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Salt Stress 51 (Echeverria, 2000).
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Salt Stress 53 Therefore, the capac
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Salt Stress 55 Reduced plant growth
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Salt Stress 57 Table 3. Salt tolera
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Salt Stress 59 6.2. Nitrogen Fixati
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Salt Stress 61 A significant number
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Salt Stress 63 macromolecules, irre
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Salt Stress 65 8.2. Ion Homeostasis
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Salt Stress 67 1997), is speculated
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Salt Stress 69 together with the At
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Salt Stress 71 important role in si
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Salt Stress 73 Figure 5. Determinan
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Salt Stress 75 9.1.Transgenic Plant
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Salt Stress 77 tolerance from halop
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Salt Stress 79 sponse and yield (Su
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Salt Stress 81 Table 5. Possible ut
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Salt Stress 83 monitored with fluor
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Salt Stress 85 Func. Plant Biol. 29
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Salt Stress 87 Dajic, Z., Stevanovi
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Salt Stress 89 Gouia, H., Ghorbal,
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Salt Stress 91 Larcher, W. (1995).
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Salt Stress 93 Munns, R. and James,
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Salt Stress 95 Rausell, A., Kanhono
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Salt Stress 97 durum wheat crops gr
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Salt Stress 99 Yoshida, K. (2002).
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102 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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131 CHAPTER 5 FREEZING STRESS: SYST
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Freezing Stress 133 Whereas, in the
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Freezing Stress 135 genes at the tr
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Freezing Stress 137 with physiologi
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Freezing Stress 139 (1997). However
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Freezing Stress 141 (Barnett et al.
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Freezing Stress 143 (dehydrin) prot
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Freezing Stress 145 in cytosolic Ca
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Freezing Stress 147 Phospholiphase
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Freezing Stress 149 Accumulation of
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Freezing Stress 151 Ideker, T., Gal
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Freezing Stress 153 ellin acid on f
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Freezing Stress 155 Yoshida, S. and
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158 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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188 K. Janardhan Reddy constitution
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190 K. Janardhan Reddy World nitrog
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192 K. Janardhan Reddy nitrogen def
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194 K. Janardhan Reddy endoplasmic
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196 K. Janardhan Reddy drought cond
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198 K. Janardhan Reddy Manganese-de
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200 K. Janardhan Reddy zinc deficie
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202 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 12 . E
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204 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 14. Ef
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206 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 15. Th
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208 K. Janardhan Reddy Table 17. Co
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210 K. Janardhan Reddy 18. MOLECULA
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212 K. Janardhan Reddy Bush, D.S.,
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214 K. Janardhan Reddy and Cobbett,
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216 K. Janardhan Reddy 143, 109-111
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219 CHAPTER 8 HEAVY METAL STRESS KS
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Heavy Metal Stress 221 porter) and
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Heavy Metal Stress 223 Figure 1. Su
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Heavy Metal Stress 225 is enzymatic
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Heavy Metal Stress 227 BjPCS1 was e
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Heavy Metal Stress 229 following: (
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Heavy Metal Stress 231 a precursor
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Heavy Metal Stress 233 notype. Incr
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Table 1. Proposed specificity and l
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Heavy Metal Stress 237 4.2. Chapero
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Heavy Metal Stress 239 of prokaryot
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Heavy Metal Stress 241 5. HYPERACCU
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Table 2. Genes introduced into plan
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Heavy Metal Stress 245 7. CONCLUSIO
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Heavy Metal Stress 247 controlled b
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Heavy Metal Stress 249 Kägi, J.H.R
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Heavy Metal Stress 251 Murphy, A.,
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Heavy Metal Stress 253 through xyle
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255 CHAPTER 9 METABOLIC ENGINEERING
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Page 278 and 279: Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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Page 342 and 343: 336 Index Auxins, 146 Avena sativa
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Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress ... - KHAM PHA MOI

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