Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress ... - KHAM PHA MOI

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Heavy Metal Stress 245 7. CONCLUSION The success of phytoremediation will require an improved understanding of the biological processes involved in metal acquisition, movement across plant cells within a plant, shoot accumulation, and metal detoxification in both metal hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator plants. Once our knowledge of these intricate processes is further enhanced, we will be able to fully take advantage of plants for phytoremediation of numerous and vast areas of agricultural land and/or natural habitats. 8. REFERENCES Abdullah, S.N.A., Cheah, S.C. and Murphy, D.J. (2002). Isolation and characterization of two divergent type 3 metallothioneins from oil palm, Elaeis guineensis. Plant. Physiol. Biochem. 40, 255-263. Alia. and Saradhi, P. (1991). Proline accumulation under heavy metal stress. J. Plant. Physiol. 138, 504-508. Arazi, T., Sunkar, R., Kaplan, B. and Fromm, H. (1999). A tobacco plasma membrane calmodulinbinding transporter confers Ni 2+ tolerance and Pb 2+ hypersensitivity in transgenic plants. Plant J. 20, 171-182. Arisi, A-C.M., Mocquot, B., Lagriffoul, A., Mench, M., Foyer, C.H. and Jouanin, L. (2000). Responses to cadmium in leaves of transformed poplars overexpressing γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Physiol. Plant. 109, 143-149. Assunção, A.G.L., Bookum, W.M., Nelissen, H.J.M., Voojis, R., Schat, H. and Ernst, W.H.O. (2003). Differential metal-specific tolerance and accumulation patterns among Thlaspi caerulescens populations originating from different soil types. New Phytol. 159, 411-419. Assunção, A.G.L., Da Costa Martins, P., Folter, S., Vooijs, R., Schat, H. and Aarts, M.G.M. (2001). Elevated expression of metal transporter genes in three accessions of the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. Plant Cell Env. 24, 217-226. Baker, A.J.M., McGrath, S.P., Reeves, D.R. and Smith, J.A.C. (2000). Metal hyperaccumulator plants: a review of the ecology and physiology of a biological resource for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils. In: Terry N. and Banuelos G., eds. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils and water. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press LLC, pp. 171-188. Balandin, T. and Castresana, C. (2000). AtCPX17, an Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast copper chaperone COX17. Plant Physiol. 129, 1852-1857. Bassi, R. and Sharma, S.S. (1993a). Changes in proline content accompanying the uptake of zinc and copper by Lemna minor. Ann. Bot. 72, 151-154. Bassi, R. and Sharma, S.S. (1993b). Proline accumulation in wheat seedlings exposed to zinc and copper. Phytochem. 33, 1339-1342. Baxter, I., Tchieu, J., Sussman, M.R., Boutry, M., Palmgren, M.G., Gribskov, M., Harper, J.F. and Axelsen, K.B. (2003). Genomic comparison of P-type ATPase ion pumps in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Physiol. 132, 618-328. Becher, M., Talke, I.N., Krall, L. and Krämer, U. (2004). Cross-species microarray transcript profiling reveals high constitutive expression of metal homeostasis genes in shoots of the zinc hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. Plant J. 37, 251-268. Belouchi, A., Cellier, M., Kwan, T., Saini, H.S., Leroux, G. and Gros, P. (1995). The macrophagespecific membrane protein Nramp controlling natural resistance to infection in mice has homologues expressed in the root system of plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 29, 1181-1196. Belouchi, A., Kwan, T. and Gros, P. (1997). Cloning and characterization of the OsNramp family from Oryza sativa, a new family of membrane proteins possibly implicated in the transport of metal ions. Plant Mol. Biol. 33, 1085-1092.
246 K. Gasic and S.S. Korban Bennett, L.E., Burkhead, J.L., Hale, K.L., Terry, N. and Pilon-Smits, E.A. (2003). Analysis of transgenic Indian mustard plants for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated mine tailings. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 432-440. Bereczky, Z., Wang, H-Y., Schubert, V., Ganal, M. and Bauer, P. (2003). Differential regulation of nramp and irt metal transporter genes in wild type and iron uptake mutants of tomato. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 24697-24704. Bernhard, W.R. and Kägi, H.R. 1987. Purification and characterization of atypical cadmium-binding polypeptides from Zea mays. Experientia 52, 309-315. Bizili, S.P., Rugh, C.L. and Megaher, R.B. (2000). Phytodetoxification of hazardous organomercurials by genetically engineered plants. Nat. Biotech. 18, 213-217. Blaudez, D., Kohler, A., Martin, F., Sanders, D. and Chalot, M. (2003). Poplar metal tolerance protein 1 confers zinc tolerance and is an oligomeric vacuolar zinc transporter with an essential leucine zipper motif. Plant Cell 15, 2911-2928. Bleeker, P.M., Schat, H., Voojis, R., Verkleij, A.C. and Ernst, W.H.O. (2003). Mechanisms of arsenate tolerance in Cytisus striatus. New Phytol. 157, 33-38. Boominathan, R. and Doran, P.M. (2003). Cadmium tolerance and antioxidative defenses in hairy roots of the cadmium hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens. Biotech. Bioeng. 83, 158-167. Borrelly, G.P., Harrison, M.D., Robinson, A.K., Cox, S.G., Robinson, N.J. and Whitehall, S.K. (2002). Surplus zinc is handled by Zym1 metallothionein and Zhf endoplasmic reticulum transporter in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30394-30400. Bovet, L., Eggman, T., Meylan-Bettex, M., Polier, J., Kammer, P., Marin, E., Feller, U. and Martinoia, E. (2003). Transcription levels of AtMRPs after cadmium treatment: induction of AtMRP3. Plant Cell Env. 26, 371-381 Bughio, N., Yamaguchi, H., Nishizawa, N.K., Nakanishi, H. and Mori, S. (2002). Cloning an ironregulated metal transporter from rice. J. Exp. Bot. 53, 1677-1682. Carrier, P., Baryla, A. and Havaux, M. (2003). Cadmium distribution and microlocalization in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) after long-term growth on cadmium –contaminated soil. Planta 216, 939–950. Chang, T., Liu, X., Xu, H., Meng, K., Chen, S. and Zhu, Z. (2004). A metallothionein like gene htMT2 strongly expressed in internodes and nodes of Helinathus tuberosus and effects of metal ion treatment on its expression. Planta 218, 449-455. Chassaigne, H., Vachina, V., Kutchan, T.M. and Zenk, M.H. (2001). Identification of phytochelatinrelated peptides in maize seedlings exposed to cadmium and obtained enzymatically in vitro. Phytochem. 56, 657-668. Chen, J., Zhou, J. and Goldsbrough, P. (1997). Characterization of phytocheltain synthase from tomato. Physiol. Plant. 101, 165-172. Clemens, S., Bloss, T., Vess, C., Neumann, D., Nies, D.H and zur Nieden, U. (2002). A transporter in the endoplasmic reticulum of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells mediated zinc storage and differentially affects transition metal tolerance. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 18215-18221. Clemens, S., Kim, E.J., Neumann, D. and Schroeder, J.I. 1999. Tolerance to toxic metals by a gene family of phytochelatin synthases from plants and yeast. EMBO J. 18, 3325-3333. Clemens, S. 2001. Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis. Planta 212, 475-486 Cobbett, C.S. and Goldsbrough, P. (2002). Phytochelatins and metallothioneins: roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 53, 159-182 Cobbett, C.S., Hussain, D. and Haydon, M.J. (2003). Structural and functional relationship between type 1 B heavy metal-transporting P-type ATPases in Arabidopsis. New Phytol. 159, 315-321. Cobbett, C.S., May, M.J., Howden, R. and Rolls, B. (1998). The gluthatione-deficient, cadmiumsensitive mutant, cad2-1, of Arabidopsis thaliana is deficient in γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Plant J. 16, 73-78. Cobbett, C.S. (2000). Phytochelatins and their roles in heavy metal detoxification. Plant Physiol. 123, 825-832. Connolly, E.L., Fett, J.P. and Guerinot, M.L. (2002). Expression of the IRT1 metal transporter is
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PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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About the Editors K.V. Madhava Rao
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS K. AKASHI Grad
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List of Contributors xiii NAVINDER
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PREFACE Increasing agricultural pro
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2 K.V. Madhava Rao Abiotic stresses
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4 K.V. Madhava Rao SOME O THE PROMI
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6 K.V. Madhava Rao 2. WATER STRESS
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8 K.V. Madhava Rao 5. FREEZING STRE
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10 K.V. Madhava Rao of these pathwa
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12 K.V. Madhava Rao Bray, E.A. (199
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14 K.V. Madhava Rao Rao, K.V. Madha
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16 A. Yokota, K. Takahara and K. Ak
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41 CHAPTER 3 SALT STRESS ZORA DAJIC
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Salt Stress 43 activities (mainly i
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Salt Stress 45 In summary, mechanis
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Salt Stress 47 tolerance research i
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Salt Stress 49 need to rely on sodi
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Salt Stress 51 (Echeverria, 2000).
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Salt Stress 53 Therefore, the capac
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Salt Stress 55 Reduced plant growth
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Salt Stress 57 Table 3. Salt tolera
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Salt Stress 59 6.2. Nitrogen Fixati
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Salt Stress 61 A significant number
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Salt Stress 63 macromolecules, irre
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Salt Stress 65 8.2. Ion Homeostasis
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Salt Stress 67 1997), is speculated
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Salt Stress 69 together with the At
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Salt Stress 71 important role in si
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Salt Stress 73 Figure 5. Determinan
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Salt Stress 75 9.1.Transgenic Plant
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Salt Stress 77 tolerance from halop
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Salt Stress 79 sponse and yield (Su
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Salt Stress 81 Table 5. Possible ut
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Salt Stress 83 monitored with fluor
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Salt Stress 85 Func. Plant Biol. 29
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Salt Stress 87 Dajic, Z., Stevanovi
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Salt Stress 89 Gouia, H., Ghorbal,
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Salt Stress 91 Larcher, W. (1995).
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Salt Stress 93 Munns, R. and James,
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Salt Stress 95 Rausell, A., Kanhono
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Salt Stress 97 durum wheat crops gr
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Salt Stress 99 Yoshida, K. (2002).
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102 T.D. Sharkey and S.M. Schrader
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131 CHAPTER 5 FREEZING STRESS: SYST
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Freezing Stress 133 Whereas, in the
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Freezing Stress 135 genes at the tr
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Freezing Stress 137 with physiologi
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Freezing Stress 139 (1997). However
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Freezing Stress 141 (Barnett et al.
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Freezing Stress 143 (dehydrin) prot
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Freezing Stress 145 in cytosolic Ca
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Freezing Stress 147 Phospholiphase
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Freezing Stress 149 Accumulation of
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Freezing Stress 151 Ideker, T., Gal
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Freezing Stress 153 ellin acid on f
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Freezing Stress 155 Yoshida, S. and
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158 A.R. Reddy and A.S. Raghavendra
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188 K. Janardhan Reddy constitution
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190 K. Janardhan Reddy World nitrog
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192 K. Janardhan Reddy nitrogen def
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Page 226 and 227: 219 CHAPTER 8 HEAVY METAL STRESS KS
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Page 248 and 249: Heavy Metal Stress 241 5. HYPERACCU
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Page 256 and 257: Heavy Metal Stress 249 Kägi, J.H.R
Page 258 and 259: Heavy Metal Stress 251 Murphy, A.,
Page 260 and 261: Heavy Metal Stress 253 through xyle
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Metabolic Engineering for Stress To
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302 A.K. Tyagi, S. Vij and N. Saini
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Table 3. Continued... Source Resour
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336 Index Auxins, 146 Avena sativa
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338 Expressed sequence tags (ESTs),
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340 Index Magnesium, 195 Mairiena s
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342 Index Processes less sensitive
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344 Index Sunflecks, 104 Sunflower,
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