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Table 1. Climatic conditions in the two cropping seasons in Sri Lanka. Season Rainfall Temp. CO Photoperiod (mm) MaXlmum Mlmmum Maha 900 29.8 21.5 12 hr 10 min Yala 600 32.8 23.9 12 hr 50 min usual. But the fact that these varieties have persisted over the years suggests that rainfall during the maha season has been generally sufficient to mature a crop of that duration when planted at a low density. Moreover, these tall, leafy varieties could probably tolerate weeds better than t~e short and early maturing types, which is an advantage in subsistence farming systems. However, they are not suitable for growing under improved management practices. Area and production Maize is cultivated in 18 districts entirely under rainfed conditions. Anuradhapura, Badulla, Ampara, and Moneragala districts are the main maize producing areas during the maha season. These areas are the so called "maize belt" of Sri Lanka (Fig. 2). Apart from these districts, Hambantota, Polonnaruwa, Batticaloa, and Matale districts contribute a smaller percentage to maize production. Among the leading producers, Badulla district has been the most stable. The higher elevation districts of Kandy and Nuwaraeliya contribute to the total production only during the yala season. Seventy-six percent of the national maize acreage and 78% of the current national maize production are located in six districts of the maize belt. Utilization and future market potential of maize Human consumpt ion. Demand of maize for direct human consumption is low. The largest single market is for the 'Thriposha' program, which currently requires about 7,300 t of maize per year. Thriposha is a food supplement provided by the Ministry of Health to lactating mothers. A portion of the maize crop is also consumed as green cobs. This is an important food for the rural poor in a few locations, while it is a novelty food with wealthy citizens in urban areas. The demand for green cobs has increased in recent times and farmers get a higher income. Research on consumer preferences for maize flour-based food show that maize flour can be mixed with rice flour at the ratio of 3:1 (DOA, 1989). If emphasis is placed on popularizing maize flour-based foods, demand for maize could be increased. Animal feed industry. The largest demand for maize is created by the animal feed industry. Demand for maize as a raw material in animal feeds is derived primarily from the demand for poultry feeds. Until recently, no serious attention was given to monitor the maize market facilities and as a result the product gets a very low price. At present, the government has fixed a floor price for maize at Rs. 7.00/kg (1 US$ = Rs. 48.90). Yet, the bulk of maize is purchased by middle man at the site at a lower price because farmers find it difficult to reach the government purchasing centers due to poor transportation facilities. With the increase in population and a change in food habits, the demand for maize has increased rapidly over the years due to expansion in the national poultry and livestock industries.. The annual projected maize requirement for layer mash, broiler mash, and direct human consumption are shown in Fig. 3. However, the production in the country is seasonal and a large Quantity of maize is imported by the private sector for the feed industry. This is one of the reasons why the demand and price of maize are low. 108
I-' o \0 DI1Y ~:fu~ :"r'MJcm ~IOO If . M 0 J 0 .. Moho lIIuppollomo D .. Regional Rmorth 510110n5 Fig. 1. Climatic zones of Sri Lanka. o 10 10 JO 40 .0 10 Kij~'eie'i"'-' -J} ~ i::U F. 100 IJ j J D N ~..",~, 1 Fig. 2. Location of the "Baize Belt" of Sri Lanka. Source: (After Ranaweera and Hafi).
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Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Regi
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Page Foreword List of participants
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For several years, the Asian countr
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LAOS MALAYSIA MYANMAR NEPAL PAKISTA
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Chamnan Chutkaew Dept. of Agronomy
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I t· PRIVATE PRIVATE SECTOR: SECTO
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Pioneer Overseas Corp. ProAgro Seed
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MP COP NGOs TK = Muriate of Potash.
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Table 3. Land suitability for maize
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Depending on how this wheat is rele
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Individual field sizes in the GKF a
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Table 12. Demonstration block resul
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alance of composite, synthetics and
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Elias, S.M., F.S. Sikder and J.Ahme
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~IZE ItAIMJ4ENT PRXJW4ME IN IHlf'AN
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3. Low level of soil fertility. Exp
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3. Farmers could not afford to purc
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Table 1. Hybrid maize production in
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100,000 mu (1 ha = 15 mu). Fran 198
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+ The planting area of inbred line
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ty levels. Selection interia should
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Dao13, Oa19, SSE232 etc.). b. combi
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~ZE I~ IN IN>IA - AN OVERVIEW WITH
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inbred 1ines possessing good genera
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Table 3. Details of medium and earl
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increasing the yield levels of the
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Production of ~zygous diploid inbre
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EntQllOlogical research. In the fie
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A 1) OUr coordinated efforts for ma
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Table 1. Maize area harvested, proW
Page 64 and 65: Table 4. Grain yield of Semar 1 and
Page 66 and 67: ut they have been selecting ears fr
Page 68 and 69: MAIZE ~ N«J ~ION IN LAOS. Kanyavon
Page 70 and 71: to rice in order to reach self-suff
Page 72 and 73: 0\ 0\ ."'0- ~I.u'. u: 0 50 100 STAT
Page 74 and 75: . According to the findings of the
Page 76 and 77: IR:EDIIIG IHJ N:RHJotIC RESEAfDI C
Page 78 and 79: tion with estate or mini-estate typ
Page 80 and 81: Table 4. MYR grain maize yields ove
Page 82 and 83: techniques. References Anonymous. 1
Page 84 and 85: Table 1. Total area under maize and
Page 86 and 87: Year Township Area planted Total pr
Page 88 and 89: cover, short plant stature, and sat
Page 90 and 91: Table 3. Res.Stat. Multilocational
Page 92 and 93: 3. Plant protection: a. Diseases Th
Page 94 and 95: Questions to the author: FROM: S. K
Page 96 and 97: were unacceptable in some parts due
Page 98 and 99: Table 2. CCRI maize hybrid yield tr
Page 100 and 101: HYBRID MAIZE BREEDlt.G AN> ALH»DII
Page 102 and 103: of highly productive technologies,
Page 104 and 105: Maize varietal improvement continue
Page 106 and 107: Peronosc lerospora phi 1ippinensis
Page 108 and 109: elow to help clarify the farm level
Page 110 and 111: Premium Grade (emulsifiable concent
Page 112 and 113: support. The versatile planter/fert
Page 116 and 117: T1l1t:i----------------------------
Page 118 and 119: the maha season. Yala season is cha
Page 120 and 121: . Spacing Blackgram Maize 40 em x 5
Page 122 and 123: Sri Lanka. Ariyanayagam, R. P. 1967
Page 124 and 125: It took almost 10 years to develop
Page 126 and 127: g; CUS0 4 (5H 2 0): 0.39 g; NaF: 0.
Page 128 and 129: 3. Making single cnosses: Plant the
Page 130 and 131: experiments showed that the fertili
Page 132 and 133: Long term evaluation of mass releas
Page 134 and 135: Chang, S.C., and Y.Z. Wu. 1976. Pra
Page 136 and 137: DEVELCHENT OF HYBRID ~ IN THAILAN>
Page 138 and 139: Table 2. Quantity and value of Thai
Page 140 and 141: was approved by KU and OOA in 1991
Page 142 and 143: Table 8. Mean yields of fresh dehus
Page 144 and 145: 4. Prevention and control of aflato
Page 146 and 147: Table 17. Mean grain yield and agro
Page 148 and 149: Sittipanuwong, S., C. Chutkaew, A.
Page 150 and 151: Early rainy season plantings have a
Page 152 and 153: P. R.CHINA TMilAKD CAMPUCHiA
Page 154 and 155: In 1992, the hybrid maize acreage i
Page 156 and 157: organizing visits as well as field
Page 158 and 159: Table 1 Area, production and yield
Page 160 and 161: plants per hill) 4. Intercropping e
Page 162 and 163: VIEl1'W4 YELLOW MAIZE EXRRT: MARKET
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6,------------------~3,5 Producllon
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MAIZE BREEDUG Arnel R. Hallauer-L!
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method was provi ded by Eberhart (1
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can vary by the complexity of inher
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Table 3. Response to selection for
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Table 5. Comparative responses for
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increased response for grain yield.
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Sure Crop (0h43 and C103). several
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Sprague and Tatum (1942) demonstrat
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Horner, E.S., E. Magloi re, and J .
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evaluation are conducted in only on
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Table 1. Maize: Production Unit 100
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Table 3. Maize: Area harvested Unit
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v) Incentives to private sector are
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possible through adoption of suitab
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will be described highlighting thos
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will fluctuate. As a general rule,
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help of maize breeders from the nat
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Table 4. Possible heterotic partner
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use as OPVs and broad based synthet
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c. Integrat;on of populat;on ;mprov
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Table 8. Announced CIMMYT lines 199
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HYBRID MAIZE ~ 1l£ SMALL-SCALE FNI
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Table 2. Growth rate of maize area
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At the same time that CIMMYT was sh
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when grown under farmers' condition
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seed often varies substantially bec
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kilograms of maize grain that must
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Table 8. COst of producing, process
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case in which the hybrid replaces a
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J i-----1'-_.,-_I........ i M*iIBia
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egions which do not allow a suffici
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participation; where foreign compan
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Wellhausen, E.J. Walden (ed.) 1978.
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To recover value, seed companies ca
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In recent years, many new companies
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nology and its reliance on patents,
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Table 6. Intellectual property righ
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for crop improvement programs. It i
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capabi 1ities Despite these constra
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TftNlAlll CAMPUCI-1iA Fig. 1. Seven
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* Yield potential of 8.0 t/ha. II.
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CAOOILL MAIZE RESEAFDI ACTIVITIES I
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RESEARCH AN> POTENTIAL OF HYBRID (X
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ClBA SEEDS IN SJJ11£AST ASIA. Jose
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ACTIVIlY OF MAHYOO IN INJIA Rajendr
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PACIFIC SEEDS - PlANT ~ FOO ASIA Pe
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Questions to the author: FROM: R. S
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Just start In 1980 the demonstratio
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VOLUME 1000 IQnt/ 10.--------------
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(Notes by Dr. V.L. Chidley, Raporte
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1. Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath blig
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