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plants per hill) 4. Intercropping experiments using maize with soybean led to the following recommendations: Table 3. Mean grain yields (kg/ha) of varieties at four locations. Variety 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Average Hl 31 4,275 4,093 4,441 5,424 3,907 4,438 HLS 4,382 4,289 4,675 5,480 4,169 4,599 HL 319 5,862 4,466 5,164 DL 11 4,461 4,336 4,131 4,309 TSB 1 5,328 4,732 4,830 6,274 4,427 5,118 HL 24 4,845 4,476 4,628 5,556 4,412 4,783 HL 26 4,402 4,054 4,327 5,426 4,265 4,495 HL 28 4,923 4,709 4,955 5,844 4,163 4,919 HL 36 4,790 4,633 4,720 5,486 4,317 4,789 HL 27 4,624 4,324 4,310 5,753 4,426 4,687 Mean 4,670 4,495 4,557 5,678 4,283 4,729 In early season (April-August) monocropped maize gave more benefit than maize intercropped with mungbean. - For the late season planting, 2 rows of maize + 2 rows of legume crops is most suitable. Full season varieties like DK-888 are more suitable in intercropping systems than the early ones. Problems in maize research: In South Vietnam, the Inst. of Agric. Sci. (lAS), is responsible for maize research. The number of plant breeders is adequate,but the amount of staff with advanced degrees is limited. The Maize Program has been developing, but there are several problems: a. Lack of laboratories and equipment. b. Experiment stations for maize research are passing through a difficult financial situation and far from the Institute (60-300 km). c. Among the many new high yielding varieties released by the lAS, only a few varieties have been transferred to farmers fields. A similar situation exists with the new technologies. IV. Extension During recent years, many Extension Centers have been establis in various provinces. The government is paying much attention to maize hybrid production. Agronomic technology has been suggested and implemented through extension programs in several provinces where maize is produced. The Government developed policies to stimulate maize cultivatiOn and has supplied to farmers the required money to buy seed and fertilizer. V. Cooperation The Maize Program at lAS collaborates with the Maize Research Institute, CIMMYT, and FAO. In addition to these, we cooperate with a number of other organizations inside and outside the country, including seed companies in South Vietnam, seed companies in every province, Pacific Seeds, Cargill, and CP-DK group in Thailand. VI. Future development By the year 2000, our target is to increase the maize producing area to 1 m ha, yield to 2.8 t/ha, and total production to 2.8 mt. To reach this objective, a number of problems in research, 154
extension, and Government policies must be solved. 1. Continue developing new high yielding composite varieties and proper cultural practices for hybrids. 2. Introduce new hybrids from abroad and carry out yield testing, transferring the suitable hybrids to farmers fields through the extension system after identification of suitable hybrid maize growing areas. 3. Transfer new technOlogy to the farmers fields. 4. Cooperate with the private sector to produce hybrid seed in South Vietnam, reducing the cost of seed. 5. Develop grain drying and processing systems. It will be necessary for the Government to give priority to establish pricing policies of maize grain. 155
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Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Regi
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Page Foreword List of participants
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For several years, the Asian countr
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LAOS MALAYSIA MYANMAR NEPAL PAKISTA
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Chamnan Chutkaew Dept. of Agronomy
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I t· PRIVATE PRIVATE SECTOR: SECTO
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Pioneer Overseas Corp. ProAgro Seed
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MP COP NGOs TK = Muriate of Potash.
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Table 3. Land suitability for maize
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Depending on how this wheat is rele
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Individual field sizes in the GKF a
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Table 12. Demonstration block resul
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alance of composite, synthetics and
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Elias, S.M., F.S. Sikder and J.Ahme
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~IZE ItAIMJ4ENT PRXJW4ME IN IHlf'AN
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3. Low level of soil fertility. Exp
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3. Farmers could not afford to purc
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Table 1. Hybrid maize production in
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100,000 mu (1 ha = 15 mu). Fran 198
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+ The planting area of inbred line
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ty levels. Selection interia should
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Dao13, Oa19, SSE232 etc.). b. combi
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~ZE I~ IN IN>IA - AN OVERVIEW WITH
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inbred 1ines possessing good genera
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Table 3. Details of medium and earl
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increasing the yield levels of the
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Production of ~zygous diploid inbre
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EntQllOlogical research. In the fie
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A 1) OUr coordinated efforts for ma
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Table 1. Maize area harvested, proW
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Table 4. Grain yield of Semar 1 and
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ut they have been selecting ears fr
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MAIZE ~ N«J ~ION IN LAOS. Kanyavon
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to rice in order to reach self-suff
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0\ 0\ ."'0- ~I.u'. u: 0 50 100 STAT
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. According to the findings of the
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IR:EDIIIG IHJ N:RHJotIC RESEAfDI C
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tion with estate or mini-estate typ
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Table 4. MYR grain maize yields ove
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techniques. References Anonymous. 1
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Table 1. Total area under maize and
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Year Township Area planted Total pr
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cover, short plant stature, and sat
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Table 3. Res.Stat. Multilocational
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3. Plant protection: a. Diseases Th
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Questions to the author: FROM: S. K
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were unacceptable in some parts due
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Table 2. CCRI maize hybrid yield tr
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HYBRID MAIZE BREEDlt.G AN> ALH»DII
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of highly productive technologies,
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Maize varietal improvement continue
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Peronosc lerospora phi 1ippinensis
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elow to help clarify the farm level
Page 110 and 111: Premium Grade (emulsifiable concent
Page 112 and 113: support. The versatile planter/fert
Page 114 and 115: Table 1. Climatic conditions in the
Page 116 and 117: T1l1t:i----------------------------
Page 118 and 119: the maha season. Yala season is cha
Page 120 and 121: . Spacing Blackgram Maize 40 em x 5
Page 122 and 123: Sri Lanka. Ariyanayagam, R. P. 1967
Page 124 and 125: It took almost 10 years to develop
Page 126 and 127: g; CUS0 4 (5H 2 0): 0.39 g; NaF: 0.
Page 128 and 129: 3. Making single cnosses: Plant the
Page 130 and 131: experiments showed that the fertili
Page 132 and 133: Long term evaluation of mass releas
Page 134 and 135: Chang, S.C., and Y.Z. Wu. 1976. Pra
Page 136 and 137: DEVELCHENT OF HYBRID ~ IN THAILAN>
Page 138 and 139: Table 2. Quantity and value of Thai
Page 140 and 141: was approved by KU and OOA in 1991
Page 142 and 143: Table 8. Mean yields of fresh dehus
Page 144 and 145: 4. Prevention and control of aflato
Page 146 and 147: Table 17. Mean grain yield and agro
Page 148 and 149: Sittipanuwong, S., C. Chutkaew, A.
Page 150 and 151: Early rainy season plantings have a
Page 152 and 153: P. R.CHINA TMilAKD CAMPUCHiA
Page 154 and 155: In 1992, the hybrid maize acreage i
Page 156 and 157: organizing visits as well as field
Page 158 and 159: Table 1 Area, production and yield
Page 162 and 163: VIEl1'W4 YELLOW MAIZE EXRRT: MARKET
Page 164 and 165: 6,------------------~3,5 Producllon
Page 166 and 167: MAIZE BREEDUG Arnel R. Hallauer-L!
Page 168 and 169: method was provi ded by Eberhart (1
Page 170 and 171: can vary by the complexity of inher
Page 172 and 173: Table 3. Response to selection for
Page 174 and 175: Table 5. Comparative responses for
Page 176 and 177: increased response for grain yield.
Page 178 and 179: Sure Crop (0h43 and C103). several
Page 180 and 181: Sprague and Tatum (1942) demonstrat
Page 182 and 183: Horner, E.S., E. Magloi re, and J .
Page 184 and 185: evaluation are conducted in only on
Page 186 and 187: Table 1. Maize: Production Unit 100
Page 188 and 189: Table 3. Maize: Area harvested Unit
Page 190 and 191: v) Incentives to private sector are
Page 192 and 193: possible through adoption of suitab
Page 194 and 195: will be described highlighting thos
Page 196 and 197: will fluctuate. As a general rule,
Page 198 and 199: help of maize breeders from the nat
Page 200 and 201: Table 4. Possible heterotic partner
Page 202 and 203: use as OPVs and broad based synthet
Page 204 and 205: c. Integrat;on of populat;on ;mprov
Page 206 and 207: Table 8. Announced CIMMYT lines 199
Page 208 and 209: HYBRID MAIZE ~ 1l£ SMALL-SCALE FNI
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Table 2. Growth rate of maize area
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At the same time that CIMMYT was sh
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when grown under farmers' condition
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seed often varies substantially bec
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kilograms of maize grain that must
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Table 8. COst of producing, process
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case in which the hybrid replaces a
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J i-----1'-_.,-_I........ i M*iIBia
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egions which do not allow a suffici
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participation; where foreign compan
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Wellhausen, E.J. Walden (ed.) 1978.
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To recover value, seed companies ca
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In recent years, many new companies
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nology and its reliance on patents,
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Table 6. Intellectual property righ
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for crop improvement programs. It i
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capabi 1ities Despite these constra
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TftNlAlll CAMPUCI-1iA Fig. 1. Seven
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* Yield potential of 8.0 t/ha. II.
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CAOOILL MAIZE RESEAFDI ACTIVITIES I
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RESEARCH AN> POTENTIAL OF HYBRID (X
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ClBA SEEDS IN SJJ11£AST ASIA. Jose
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ACTIVIlY OF MAHYOO IN INJIA Rajendr
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PACIFIC SEEDS - PlANT ~ FOO ASIA Pe
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Questions to the author: FROM: R. S
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Just start In 1980 the demonstratio
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VOLUME 1000 IQnt/ 10.--------------
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(Notes by Dr. V.L. Chidley, Raporte
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1. Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath blig
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