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Sittipanuwong, S., C. Chutkaew, A. Silapapun, and S. OUpadissakoon. 1988. Yield evaluation of single crosses hybrid corn from inbreds extracted from SUWan 1 cycles 4,5,6,7,8 and Amarillo Dentado cycle 5. Proc. 26th Annu. Canf. Plant SCi.: 235-240. SUphanvivat, S., C. Chutkaew, C. Rojanaridpiched, and S. OUpadissakoon 1987. Yield testing of single crosses from inbred lines extracted from SUwan 1 (S) C4, C5 and C6. Proc. 25th Annu. Canf. Plant SCi.: 173-180. Titatarn, S., V. Titatarn, D. Anchareesangas, S. sompong, M. Muangnoicharoen, V. Sri taves, and A. Bamrungkit. 1992. Screening for baby corn varieties resistant to downy mildew in baby corn production areas in Thailand. 11th Natl. Vegetable Annu. Report: (8)-(1)-(7). Trakoontiwakorn, P., C. Chutkaew, T. Kunta, and P. Chandhanamutta. 1993. Heterosis in baby corn hybrid. Proc. 31st Annu. Canf. Plant Sci.: 167-174. Questions to the author: FROM: M. M. Palikhe Q It looks to me that upgrading the Suwan 1 variety by continuous selection may reduce its genetic variability, and the resulting variety may be susceptible to insects, disease, and environmental factors. A We applied S1 recurrent selection in every cycle and considered yield, diseases, and insect resistance along with agronomic characters and other traits of interest, and from our evaluation of both Suwan 1 from cycle zero (CO) to cycle 11 (C11) (Suwan 1 eo-C11) and Suwan 3 (CO-C5) found that selection is still positive in both populations. FROM: N. N. Singh Q Why is it that since last year production and productivity of maize in Thailand have not increased inspite of the better cultivars and quality seed available from public and private seed agencies? A This is because corn planted areas have been replaced by sugarcane, cassava, and other crops plus drought hazards. The price of corn has also been another important factor to explain the decrease of of total corn production of the country. 142
A. 1991-1993. Rachain Thiraporn !I Introduction. Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important feed grain mostly produced in the North, northeast, and central regions of Thailand. More than two thirds of the production is used domestically by feed industries, and the rest is exported accounting for 7~ of the world market. Maize exports contribute substantially to foreign exchange earnings of the country (Office of Agric. Economics, 1992). In recent years, rapid expansion of the livestock industry has triggered an increased demand for maize affecting the exports of the grain. However, the gross production of maize is still below the amount targeted by the National Economic and Social Development Plan. Agronomic research to increase productivity in farmers' fields is important to raise the national economic level. Previous studies reported that the appropriate planting rate of 3 corn varieties, Guatemala CMS-PB 5, Puerto Rico Gp.1, and Veracruz 181 x Antigua Gp.2 grown in the early and late rainy seasons, ranged from 6400-8500 plants/rai (OWaht et a7., 1970) (1 ha=6.25 rai). In 1971, OWaht at a7. also reported that using 5 different densities ranging from 6,400 to 17,000 plants/rai of 5 corn varieties, the number of ears/plant showed a negative correlation with plant density. Yields of all entries did not differ Within densities. However, treatments of 8,500 plants/rai or more tended to yield lower. Supot et a7. (1971) studied the response to high plant density (32,000 to 16,000 plants/rai) of 2 corn varieties, CUba 11 x Georgia Cow Corn-Prolific, and Guatemala PB 8. It was found that the number of barren plants increased as the plant density increased. Barreness in Guatemala PB 8 was nearly 1~ higher than in CUba 11 x Georgia Cow Corn Prolific. In 1982, SUpot et a7., studied the optimum density of SUWan 1 and SUWan 2301 planted at various densities. Results indicated that the optimum planting rates of Suwan 1 and SUWan 2301 were 9,500 and 14,800 plants/rai, respectively, but grain yields from both planting rates were not different from that of 8,500 plants/rai. In 1981 the Dept. of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, recommended 7,000 and 8,500 plants/rai in low to , moderate soil fertility, and 12,000 plants/rai in fertilized soil. SUpot et a7. reported that the optimum density for growing corn for silage was 1-1.5 times higher than that for grain production. Studies on the effects of various rates of nitrogen on corn yield and quality have also been reported. In 1978, Thiraporn et a7. reported that six corn varieties planted at 0, 30, 40 and 80 kg N/rai at Farm Suwan showed different results of N-response which could be classified into 3 groups as low, medium, and high input varieties. Another unpublished report by Thiraporn on N-use efficiency of 16 corn varieties indicated that selection under N-stress could improve the yield response of low N selections such as Across 8328 C3, which yielded higher than the original population Across 8328 CO. Feil et a7. (1992) stUdied N, P and K content of Suwan 2301 compared with CPl. Both entries were grown in different N-fertilization treatments at Farm SUWan. The results revealed that N-content in seed increased with N-fertilization. The response was higher in SUWan 2301 than in CP 1. It was also found that with N levels of 80-160 kg N/ha the assimilation of- P and K was more efficient than in low N. Thiraporn et a7. (1992) indicated that N fertilization increased levels of N, P, and K in the grain. There are three distinct maize growing seasons in Thailand. Each year, the rainy season extends from March to November. Early rains generally begin in March and extend up to mid-June. There is a dry spell during June to July, and the late rainy season extends from August to mid OCtober. Corn and other rain-fed field crops are grown in the early and late rainy seasons. !Ji Director, Inseechandrastitya Inst., Kasetsart Univ., Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 143
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Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Regi
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Page Foreword List of participants
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For several years, the Asian countr
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LAOS MALAYSIA MYANMAR NEPAL PAKISTA
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Chamnan Chutkaew Dept. of Agronomy
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I t· PRIVATE PRIVATE SECTOR: SECTO
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Pioneer Overseas Corp. ProAgro Seed
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MP COP NGOs TK = Muriate of Potash.
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Table 3. Land suitability for maize
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Depending on how this wheat is rele
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Individual field sizes in the GKF a
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Table 12. Demonstration block resul
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alance of composite, synthetics and
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Elias, S.M., F.S. Sikder and J.Ahme
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~IZE ItAIMJ4ENT PRXJW4ME IN IHlf'AN
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3. Low level of soil fertility. Exp
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3. Farmers could not afford to purc
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Table 1. Hybrid maize production in
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100,000 mu (1 ha = 15 mu). Fran 198
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+ The planting area of inbred line
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ty levels. Selection interia should
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Dao13, Oa19, SSE232 etc.). b. combi
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~ZE I~ IN IN>IA - AN OVERVIEW WITH
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inbred 1ines possessing good genera
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Table 3. Details of medium and earl
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increasing the yield levels of the
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Production of ~zygous diploid inbre
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EntQllOlogical research. In the fie
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A 1) OUr coordinated efforts for ma
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Table 1. Maize area harvested, proW
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Table 4. Grain yield of Semar 1 and
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ut they have been selecting ears fr
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MAIZE ~ N«J ~ION IN LAOS. Kanyavon
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to rice in order to reach self-suff
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0\ 0\ ."'0- ~I.u'. u: 0 50 100 STAT
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. According to the findings of the
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IR:EDIIIG IHJ N:RHJotIC RESEAfDI C
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tion with estate or mini-estate typ
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Table 4. MYR grain maize yields ove
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techniques. References Anonymous. 1
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Table 1. Total area under maize and
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Year Township Area planted Total pr
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cover, short plant stature, and sat
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Table 3. Res.Stat. Multilocational
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3. Plant protection: a. Diseases Th
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Questions to the author: FROM: S. K
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were unacceptable in some parts due
Page 98 and 99: Table 2. CCRI maize hybrid yield tr
Page 100 and 101: HYBRID MAIZE BREEDlt.G AN> ALH»DII
Page 102 and 103: of highly productive technologies,
Page 104 and 105: Maize varietal improvement continue
Page 106 and 107: Peronosc lerospora phi 1ippinensis
Page 108 and 109: elow to help clarify the farm level
Page 110 and 111: Premium Grade (emulsifiable concent
Page 112 and 113: support. The versatile planter/fert
Page 114 and 115: Table 1. Climatic conditions in the
Page 116 and 117: T1l1t:i----------------------------
Page 118 and 119: the maha season. Yala season is cha
Page 120 and 121: . Spacing Blackgram Maize 40 em x 5
Page 122 and 123: Sri Lanka. Ariyanayagam, R. P. 1967
Page 124 and 125: It took almost 10 years to develop
Page 126 and 127: g; CUS0 4 (5H 2 0): 0.39 g; NaF: 0.
Page 128 and 129: 3. Making single cnosses: Plant the
Page 130 and 131: experiments showed that the fertili
Page 132 and 133: Long term evaluation of mass releas
Page 134 and 135: Chang, S.C., and Y.Z. Wu. 1976. Pra
Page 136 and 137: DEVELCHENT OF HYBRID ~ IN THAILAN>
Page 138 and 139: Table 2. Quantity and value of Thai
Page 140 and 141: was approved by KU and OOA in 1991
Page 142 and 143: Table 8. Mean yields of fresh dehus
Page 144 and 145: 4. Prevention and control of aflato
Page 146 and 147: Table 17. Mean grain yield and agro
Page 150 and 151: Early rainy season plantings have a
Page 152 and 153: P. R.CHINA TMilAKD CAMPUCHiA
Page 154 and 155: In 1992, the hybrid maize acreage i
Page 156 and 157: organizing visits as well as field
Page 158 and 159: Table 1 Area, production and yield
Page 160 and 161: plants per hill) 4. Intercropping e
Page 162 and 163: VIEl1'W4 YELLOW MAIZE EXRRT: MARKET
Page 164 and 165: 6,------------------~3,5 Producllon
Page 166 and 167: MAIZE BREEDUG Arnel R. Hallauer-L!
Page 168 and 169: method was provi ded by Eberhart (1
Page 170 and 171: can vary by the complexity of inher
Page 172 and 173: Table 3. Response to selection for
Page 174 and 175: Table 5. Comparative responses for
Page 176 and 177: increased response for grain yield.
Page 178 and 179: Sure Crop (0h43 and C103). several
Page 180 and 181: Sprague and Tatum (1942) demonstrat
Page 182 and 183: Horner, E.S., E. Magloi re, and J .
Page 184 and 185: evaluation are conducted in only on
Page 186 and 187: Table 1. Maize: Production Unit 100
Page 188 and 189: Table 3. Maize: Area harvested Unit
Page 190 and 191: v) Incentives to private sector are
Page 192 and 193: possible through adoption of suitab
Page 194 and 195: will be described highlighting thos
Page 196 and 197: will fluctuate. As a general rule,
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help of maize breeders from the nat
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Table 4. Possible heterotic partner
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use as OPVs and broad based synthet
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c. Integrat;on of populat;on ;mprov
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Table 8. Announced CIMMYT lines 199
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HYBRID MAIZE ~ 1l£ SMALL-SCALE FNI
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Table 2. Growth rate of maize area
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At the same time that CIMMYT was sh
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when grown under farmers' condition
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seed often varies substantially bec
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kilograms of maize grain that must
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Table 8. COst of producing, process
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case in which the hybrid replaces a
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J i-----1'-_.,-_I........ i M*iIBia
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egions which do not allow a suffici
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participation; where foreign compan
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Wellhausen, E.J. Walden (ed.) 1978.
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To recover value, seed companies ca
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In recent years, many new companies
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nology and its reliance on patents,
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Table 6. Intellectual property righ
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for crop improvement programs. It i
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capabi 1ities Despite these constra
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TftNlAlll CAMPUCI-1iA Fig. 1. Seven
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* Yield potential of 8.0 t/ha. II.
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CAOOILL MAIZE RESEAFDI ACTIVITIES I
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RESEARCH AN> POTENTIAL OF HYBRID (X
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ClBA SEEDS IN SJJ11£AST ASIA. Jose
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ACTIVIlY OF MAHYOO IN INJIA Rajendr
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PACIFIC SEEDS - PlANT ~ FOO ASIA Pe
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Questions to the author: FROM: R. S
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Just start In 1980 the demonstratio
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VOLUME 1000 IQnt/ 10.--------------
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(Notes by Dr. V.L. Chidley, Raporte
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1. Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath blig
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