Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Regional Maize Workshop - Search ...

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RESEARCH AN> POTENTIAL OF HYBRID (XHl IN ASIA Poomsan Si lpisornkosol Y Abstract Charoen Seeds Co. is part of the Charoen Pokhan Group and DeKalb Plant Genetics. In 14 years of activity and research, a total of six corn hybrids have been released. This paper describes the installations the institution possesses in Thailand and where research is being done throughout Asian countries. Corn is one of the important cereal crops in this region in addition to rice and wheat. However, in recent years there has been a surplus of rice production along with a trend of less consumption of corn as human food especially as living standards improve. Corn is used as a major feed ingredient for poultry and swine, and in certain areas it has potential use for feed of dairy and beef cattle. These animal products could be further processed as value added products either for domestic consumption or export markets. In Thailand, corn production has been successfully used to replace irrigated rice during the dry season due to limitation on available irrigation water. Corn hybrids have been introduced to major corn growing areas in Asia as an important tool to increase corn production, and have been well accepted in many countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, India, and Indonesia. Corn hybrids which are suitable for these regions should posses the following characteristics: 1. High yield potential 2. Pest resistance 3. Drought stress tolerance 4. Good standabil ity 5. Good grain quality suitable for animal feed (free of aflatoxin) 6. Early maturity to allow an additional crop. Charoen Seeds Co., Ltd. was established in 1979 as a joint venture between the CP Group of Thailand and Dekalb Plant Genetics from the USA. The purpose of this joint venture research company is to develop corn and sorghum hybrids adapted to Thailand and other areas in Asia and Indochina. The CP Group, which has long experience in agricultural business in this region, will produce, process, and market seeds while Dekalb Plant Genetics will provide technology and germplasm for research. Besides the seed business, the CP Group also provides and markets other related agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural equipment. During 14 years of this successful joint research, the company has continuously released improved hybrids as presented in Table 1. Dekalb Plant Genetics, with a long history of corn research, allows access to germplasm which is available through Dekalb's corn breeding programs around the world. This germplasm is very useful in developing hybrids with special features and reduces the time to develop hybrids. Useful germplasm comes from the USA, Argentina, BraZil, MeXico, and other countries. some of this germplasm can be used directly, while some others require adaptation. Germplasm from the USA has shown excellent potential for earliness, lower ear placement, root and stalk quality, and desirable plant type. OUr research farm is located at Muak-Lek district, Saraburi province in the upper central region of Thailand with more than 200 rai (32 haY of research land and a fully equipped irriga- 11 Research Manager, Charoen Seeds Co., Ltd., 36 Soi Yenchit, Chand Road, Yannawa Bangkok 10120, Thailand. 244
tion system which allows research to be carried out throughout the year. 't~ing of new hybrids is done throughout various growing areas in Thailand. The CP Group has three major seed production farms located in saraburi, Kampangphet, and Chiang Rai respectively, with a seed processing plant located at Pattananikom, Lopburi. Germplasm from other institutes such as CIMMYT, Kasetsart University, and the Department of Agriculture have proved to be useful for inbred development. Table 1. List of corn hybrids commercially released in Thailand by Charoen Seeds Co., Ltd. Year Hybrid Description 1981 1985 1989 1990 1991 1991 CP 1 CP 707 OK 811 OK 211 OK 222 OK 888 Good yield potential Good yield potential Good yield potential, uniform Short and early, good yield potential Short and early, good yield potential, good rust resistance Very uniform, excellent yield and grain quality and free of grain mold. In addition to Thailand, we also extensively test our hybrids in Indonesia. At present we have two corn hybrids available in Indonesia, CPI-1 and CPI-2. CPI-1 has been in the Indonesian market for more than six years, and it is full season in maturity. CPI 2 was released 'for the Indonesian market in 1992 and is expected to be well accepted because of its earlier maturity, suitable for many corn producing areas in Indonesia. We are also conducting preliminary yield evaluations of our hybrids in Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea, and Myanmar. When important issues have been settled, we hope to launch our corn hybrids in these countries. Questions to the author: FROM R. S.Paroda Q What is the percentage of single cross in Thailand? A 80% in single cross, 20% in three way cross. FROM Firdaus Kasim Q What is the policy of private sector for hybrid development targeted to marginal environments such as acid soils? A We do not have the program aim for that environment yet but if there is a potential and the area is necessary for production we would certainly consider it seriously. 245
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Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Regi
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Page Foreword List of participants
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For several years, the Asian countr
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LAOS MALAYSIA MYANMAR NEPAL PAKISTA
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Chamnan Chutkaew Dept. of Agronomy
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I t· PRIVATE PRIVATE SECTOR: SECTO
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Pioneer Overseas Corp. ProAgro Seed
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MP COP NGOs TK = Muriate of Potash.
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Table 3. Land suitability for maize
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Depending on how this wheat is rele
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Individual field sizes in the GKF a
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Table 12. Demonstration block resul
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alance of composite, synthetics and
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Elias, S.M., F.S. Sikder and J.Ahme
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~IZE ItAIMJ4ENT PRXJW4ME IN IHlf'AN
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3. Low level of soil fertility. Exp
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3. Farmers could not afford to purc
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Table 1. Hybrid maize production in
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100,000 mu (1 ha = 15 mu). Fran 198
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+ The planting area of inbred line
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ty levels. Selection interia should
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Dao13, Oa19, SSE232 etc.). b. combi
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~ZE I~ IN IN>IA - AN OVERVIEW WITH
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inbred 1ines possessing good genera
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Table 3. Details of medium and earl
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increasing the yield levels of the
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Production of ~zygous diploid inbre
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EntQllOlogical research. In the fie
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A 1) OUr coordinated efforts for ma
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Table 1. Maize area harvested, proW
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Table 4. Grain yield of Semar 1 and
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ut they have been selecting ears fr
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MAIZE ~ N«J ~ION IN LAOS. Kanyavon
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to rice in order to reach self-suff
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0\ 0\ ."'0- ~I.u'. u: 0 50 100 STAT
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. According to the findings of the
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IR:EDIIIG IHJ N:RHJotIC RESEAfDI C
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tion with estate or mini-estate typ
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Table 4. MYR grain maize yields ove
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techniques. References Anonymous. 1
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Table 1. Total area under maize and
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Year Township Area planted Total pr
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cover, short plant stature, and sat
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Table 3. Res.Stat. Multilocational
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3. Plant protection: a. Diseases Th
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Questions to the author: FROM: S. K
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were unacceptable in some parts due
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Table 2. CCRI maize hybrid yield tr
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HYBRID MAIZE BREEDlt.G AN> ALH»DII
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of highly productive technologies,
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Maize varietal improvement continue
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Peronosc lerospora phi 1ippinensis
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elow to help clarify the farm level
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Premium Grade (emulsifiable concent
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support. The versatile planter/fert
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Table 1. Climatic conditions in the
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T1l1t:i----------------------------
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the maha season. Yala season is cha
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. Spacing Blackgram Maize 40 em x 5
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Sri Lanka. Ariyanayagam, R. P. 1967
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It took almost 10 years to develop
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g; CUS0 4 (5H 2 0): 0.39 g; NaF: 0.
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3. Making single cnosses: Plant the
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experiments showed that the fertili
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Long term evaluation of mass releas
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Chang, S.C., and Y.Z. Wu. 1976. Pra
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DEVELCHENT OF HYBRID ~ IN THAILAN>
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Table 2. Quantity and value of Thai
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was approved by KU and OOA in 1991
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Table 8. Mean yields of fresh dehus
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4. Prevention and control of aflato
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Table 17. Mean grain yield and agro
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Sittipanuwong, S., C. Chutkaew, A.
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Early rainy season plantings have a
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P. R.CHINA TMilAKD CAMPUCHiA
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In 1992, the hybrid maize acreage i
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organizing visits as well as field
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Table 1 Area, production and yield
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plants per hill) 4. Intercropping e
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VIEl1'W4 YELLOW MAIZE EXRRT: MARKET
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6,------------------~3,5 Producllon
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MAIZE BREEDUG Arnel R. Hallauer-L!
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method was provi ded by Eberhart (1
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can vary by the complexity of inher
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Table 3. Response to selection for
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Table 5. Comparative responses for
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increased response for grain yield.
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Sure Crop (0h43 and C103). several
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Sprague and Tatum (1942) demonstrat
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Horner, E.S., E. Magloi re, and J .
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evaluation are conducted in only on
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Table 1. Maize: Production Unit 100
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Table 3. Maize: Area harvested Unit
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v) Incentives to private sector are
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possible through adoption of suitab
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will be described highlighting thos
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will fluctuate. As a general rule,
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help of maize breeders from the nat
Page 200 and 201: Table 4. Possible heterotic partner
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Page 204 and 205: c. Integrat;on of populat;on ;mprov
Page 206 and 207: Table 8. Announced CIMMYT lines 199
Page 208 and 209: HYBRID MAIZE ~ 1l£ SMALL-SCALE FNI
Page 210 and 211: Table 2. Growth rate of maize area
Page 212 and 213: At the same time that CIMMYT was sh
Page 214 and 215: when grown under farmers' condition
Page 216 and 217: seed often varies substantially bec
Page 218 and 219: kilograms of maize grain that must
Page 220 and 221: Table 8. COst of producing, process
Page 222 and 223: case in which the hybrid replaces a
Page 224 and 225: J i-----1'-_.,-_I........ i M*iIBia
Page 226 and 227: egions which do not allow a suffici
Page 228 and 229: participation; where foreign compan
Page 230 and 231: Wellhausen, E.J. Walden (ed.) 1978.
Page 232 and 233: To recover value, seed companies ca
Page 234 and 235: In recent years, many new companies
Page 236 and 237: nology and its reliance on patents,
Page 238 and 239: Table 6. Intellectual property righ
Page 240 and 241: for crop improvement programs. It i
Page 242 and 243: capabi 1ities Despite these constra
Page 244 and 245: TftNlAlll CAMPUCI-1iA Fig. 1. Seven
Page 246 and 247: * Yield potential of 8.0 t/ha. II.
Page 248 and 249: CAOOILL MAIZE RESEAFDI ACTIVITIES I
Page 252 and 253: ClBA SEEDS IN SJJ11£AST ASIA. Jose
Page 254 and 255: ACTIVIlY OF MAHYOO IN INJIA Rajendr
Page 256 and 257: PACIFIC SEEDS - PlANT ~ FOO ASIA Pe
Page 258 and 259: Questions to the author: FROM: R. S
Page 260 and 261: Just start In 1980 the demonstratio
Page 262 and 263: VOLUME 1000 IQnt/ 10.--------------
Page 264 and 265: (Notes by Dr. V.L. Chidley, Raporte
Page 266: 1. Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath blig
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