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Table 3. Details of medium and early maturing hybrids &varieties of maize recently developed and released by AICMIP. Name Year Yield range Maturity Grain type Area of adaptation released t/ha HYBRIDS VL-42 1988 3.5-4.0 Early YellQ'l semiflint Recommended for cultivation in (85-90 days) kharif season in hilly area of U.P., J & K, Himanchal Pradesh, and Peninsular India. Tolerant to turcicum leaf blight and other diseases. Deccan 1 1989 3.5-4.0 Early YellQ'l semiflint Recommended for cultivation (85-90 days) across the country for rabi season. o!> Deccan 107 1992 4.0-4.5 Medium YellQ'l semifl int Three way hybrid recommended 0'1 (90-100 days) across the country for kharif season. COMPOSITES Pusa Comp. II 1988 3.5-4.0 Medium Orange YellQ'l Recommended for cultivation in (90-100 days) semi flint kharif season in Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, and Delhi. Pusa Comp. I 1988 3.0-3.5 Early Orange YellQ'l Recommended for kharif cultivation (75-80 days) semiflint in central and peninsular India. VL-88 1988 3.0-3.5 Very Early Orange semiflint Recommended for kharif season (75-80 days) planting in hilly areas of U.P., H.P., and Himalayan region. SUrya 1988 3.0-3.5 Very Early Yellow orange Recommended for cultivation (70-80 days) semi flint across the country in kharif season and Diara areas of U.P. and Bihar.
on overall performance, ~ of the best progenies were used in the following winter season to synthesize progenies for the next cycle of evaluation. In addition, using 4'; selection intensity, location specific and across location improved varieties in each of the populations were synthesized. These improved varieties were evaluated in advanced generation trials. After comprehensive evaluation, the promising ones were released for commercial cultivation. Improved varieties of various populations were compared with their respective base populations at different cycles of selections. Gains realized through selection showed a great deal of variation. In a few populations no improvement was recorded, while in others, general gains of 3-5'; per cycle of selection were recorded. Gains were rather high in composite Diara (an extra early variety) from which three improved versions have been subsequently released. From studies of the various popul~tions under improvement, it was noted that the varieties selected on across location testing gave better stability and higher grain yield than those of location specific ones. It was also obserVed that the use of advanced generation full-sib progenies in general yielded higher than those from F1 seed material. Based on this observation, full-sib progenies in several populations were advanced to F2 in the summer season. The next cycle, progenies as well as improved varieties were developed in the ensuing winter season using F2 seed. Thus, through this process, one cycle of full-sib selection is completed in two crop seasons (summer and wi nter) . Developnent of maize varieties for specialized uses. The starch industry has expressed a need for developing waxy (high amylopectin) and high oil content varieties. Considerable progress with waxy maize has been made and a number of waxy maize varieties are under advanced stages of evaluation. Preliminary evaluations indicate that the waxy types yield 10-15'; less than the best normal materials. WOrk on high amylose types is also in progress. Normally, maize contains 3.0-5.4'; oil which is highly un~aturated (Table 4). Some of the high oil selections obtained from the USA have been under per 5e evaluation and as parents of double top cross hybrids. While these introductions per 5e have limited commercial use, some of them can be used in hybrid combinations. A few hybrids have shown 1.5-2.0,; increase in oil content with yield levels comparable to the check hybrid. Varieties for forage. Little work has been done on the development of maize varieties suitable for forage. Composite varieties like Kisan and Vijay were being cultivated and also used for forage, as they possess dark green foliage. By mobilizing the tropical germplasm, a new composite "Afric/J/1 Tan" has been developed which is very popular as fodder maize. It is a full-season composite with abundance of foliage and good seed yield. Yields of 1 t/ha per day of green forage has been reported at Kolhapur (Maharashtra) and several other places. This composite is suitable for cultivation in both summer and winter seasons. It possesses white dent grain and long ears. A simple recessive gene bm 3 with distinct morphological marker is known to reduce the lignin content of fodder and increase its digestibility. This gene was incorporated into the genetic background of a number of elite population of various maturity groups. The selection with bm 3 had lower lignin content and higher in vitro digestibility, compared to the normal types at various stages of crop growth. The reduction in lignin in different maize varieties varied from 2 to 3,;, while the in vitro digestibility was improved by 2-5';. Winter maize program. Research carried out at various research stations of the AICMIP has shown that winter maize can be successfully grown in almost all parts of India except the hilly regions. The yields obtained during the winter season are substantially higher than those of the summer crop. Yield levels of 8-10 t/ha have frequently been obtained. However, yield of 4-6 t/ha in farmer fields is not uncommon. Based on this convenient situation, the AICMIP now regularly conducts trials in winter. Thus the research stations (except those of Zone I) are engaged in breeding activities of cultivars suitable for winter season and regularly carry out two sets of trials, in summer and winter seasons. This testing is needed to explore the possibilities of further 47
Page 2 and 3: Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Regi
Page 4 and 5: Page Foreword List of participants
Page 6 and 7: For several years, the Asian countr
Page 9 and 10: LAOS MALAYSIA MYANMAR NEPAL PAKISTA
Page 11 and 12: Chamnan Chutkaew Dept. of Agronomy
Page 13 and 14: I t· PRIVATE PRIVATE SECTOR: SECTO
Page 15 and 16: Pioneer Overseas Corp. ProAgro Seed
Page 17 and 18: MP COP NGOs TK = Muriate of Potash.
Page 19 and 20: Table 3. Land suitability for maize
Page 21 and 22: Depending on how this wheat is rele
Page 23 and 24: Individual field sizes in the GKF a
Page 25 and 26: Table 12. Demonstration block resul
Page 27 and 28: alance of composite, synthetics and
Page 29 and 30: Elias, S.M., F.S. Sikder and J.Ahme
Page 31 and 32: ~IZE ItAIMJ4ENT PRXJW4ME IN IHlf'AN
Page 34 and 35: 3. Low level of soil fertility. Exp
Page 36 and 37: 3. Farmers could not afford to purc
Page 38 and 39: Table 1. Hybrid maize production in
Page 40 and 41: 100,000 mu (1 ha = 15 mu). Fran 198
Page 42 and 43: + The planting area of inbred line
Page 44 and 45: ty levels. Selection interia should
Page 46 and 47: Dao13, Oa19, SSE232 etc.). b. combi
Page 48 and 49: ~ZE I~ IN IN>IA - AN OVERVIEW WITH
Page 50 and 51: inbred 1ines possessing good genera
Page 54 and 55: increasing the yield levels of the
Page 56 and 57: Production of ~zygous diploid inbre
Page 58 and 59: EntQllOlogical research. In the fie
Page 60 and 61: A 1) OUr coordinated efforts for ma
Page 62 and 63: Table 1. Maize area harvested, proW
Page 64 and 65: Table 4. Grain yield of Semar 1 and
Page 66 and 67: ut they have been selecting ears fr
Page 68 and 69: MAIZE ~ N«J ~ION IN LAOS. Kanyavon
Page 70 and 71: to rice in order to reach self-suff
Page 72 and 73: 0\ 0\ ."'0- ~I.u'. u: 0 50 100 STAT
Page 74 and 75: . According to the findings of the
Page 76 and 77: IR:EDIIIG IHJ N:RHJotIC RESEAfDI C
Page 78 and 79: tion with estate or mini-estate typ
Page 80 and 81: Table 4. MYR grain maize yields ove
Page 82 and 83: techniques. References Anonymous. 1
Page 84 and 85: Table 1. Total area under maize and
Page 86 and 87: Year Township Area planted Total pr
Page 88 and 89: cover, short plant stature, and sat
Page 90 and 91: Table 3. Res.Stat. Multilocational
Page 92 and 93: 3. Plant protection: a. Diseases Th
Page 94 and 95: Questions to the author: FROM: S. K
Page 96 and 97: were unacceptable in some parts due
Page 98 and 99: Table 2. CCRI maize hybrid yield tr
Page 100 and 101: HYBRID MAIZE BREEDlt.G AN> ALH»DII
Page 102 and 103:
of highly productive technologies,
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Maize varietal improvement continue
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Peronosc lerospora phi 1ippinensis
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elow to help clarify the farm level
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Premium Grade (emulsifiable concent
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support. The versatile planter/fert
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Table 1. Climatic conditions in the
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T1l1t:i----------------------------
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the maha season. Yala season is cha
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. Spacing Blackgram Maize 40 em x 5
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Sri Lanka. Ariyanayagam, R. P. 1967
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It took almost 10 years to develop
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g; CUS0 4 (5H 2 0): 0.39 g; NaF: 0.
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3. Making single cnosses: Plant the
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experiments showed that the fertili
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Long term evaluation of mass releas
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Chang, S.C., and Y.Z. Wu. 1976. Pra
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DEVELCHENT OF HYBRID ~ IN THAILAN>
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Table 2. Quantity and value of Thai
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was approved by KU and OOA in 1991
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Table 8. Mean yields of fresh dehus
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4. Prevention and control of aflato
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Table 17. Mean grain yield and agro
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Sittipanuwong, S., C. Chutkaew, A.
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Early rainy season plantings have a
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P. R.CHINA TMilAKD CAMPUCHiA
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In 1992, the hybrid maize acreage i
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organizing visits as well as field
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Table 1 Area, production and yield
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plants per hill) 4. Intercropping e
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VIEl1'W4 YELLOW MAIZE EXRRT: MARKET
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6,------------------~3,5 Producllon
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MAIZE BREEDUG Arnel R. Hallauer-L!
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method was provi ded by Eberhart (1
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can vary by the complexity of inher
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Table 3. Response to selection for
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Table 5. Comparative responses for
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increased response for grain yield.
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Sure Crop (0h43 and C103). several
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Sprague and Tatum (1942) demonstrat
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Horner, E.S., E. Magloi re, and J .
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evaluation are conducted in only on
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Table 1. Maize: Production Unit 100
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Table 3. Maize: Area harvested Unit
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v) Incentives to private sector are
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possible through adoption of suitab
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will be described highlighting thos
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will fluctuate. As a general rule,
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help of maize breeders from the nat
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Table 4. Possible heterotic partner
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use as OPVs and broad based synthet
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c. Integrat;on of populat;on ;mprov
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Table 8. Announced CIMMYT lines 199
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HYBRID MAIZE ~ 1l£ SMALL-SCALE FNI
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Table 2. Growth rate of maize area
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At the same time that CIMMYT was sh
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when grown under farmers' condition
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seed often varies substantially bec
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kilograms of maize grain that must
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Table 8. COst of producing, process
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case in which the hybrid replaces a
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J i-----1'-_.,-_I........ i M*iIBia
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egions which do not allow a suffici
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participation; where foreign compan
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Wellhausen, E.J. Walden (ed.) 1978.
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To recover value, seed companies ca
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In recent years, many new companies
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nology and its reliance on patents,
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Table 6. Intellectual property righ
Page 240 and 241:
for crop improvement programs. It i
Page 242 and 243:
capabi 1ities Despite these constra
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TftNlAlll CAMPUCI-1iA Fig. 1. Seven
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* Yield potential of 8.0 t/ha. II.
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CAOOILL MAIZE RESEAFDI ACTIVITIES I
Page 250 and 251:
RESEARCH AN> POTENTIAL OF HYBRID (X
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ClBA SEEDS IN SJJ11£AST ASIA. Jose
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ACTIVIlY OF MAHYOO IN INJIA Rajendr
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PACIFIC SEEDS - PlANT ~ FOO ASIA Pe
Page 258 and 259:
Questions to the author: FROM: R. S
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Just start In 1980 the demonstratio
Page 262 and 263:
VOLUME 1000 IQnt/ 10.--------------
Page 264 and 265:
(Notes by Dr. V.L. Chidley, Raporte
Page 266:
1. Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath blig
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