2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers

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2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug ResultsTime ofDayDaytimeTable 5. Drug Classes by Time of Day and Region (Oral Fluid)Drug ClassMidwest%Northeast%South%West%N=546 N=379 N=472 N=453 N=1,850Antidepressants 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5%Marijuana 3.4% 3.0% 5.5% 4.0% 3.9%Narcotic-Analgesics 2.7% 2.1% 1.3% 0.6% 1.6%Sedatives 1.9% 2.6% 2.1% 0.7% 1.6%Stimulants 0.8% 1.7% 2.2% 2.0% 1.6%Other 0.0% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%More than 1 Class 2.2% 1.0% 1.4% 1.2% 1.5%Overall Drug Positive Daytime 11.5% 12.5% 13.1% 8.9% 11.0%Negative 88.5% 87.5% 86.9% 91.1% 89.0%N=1,694 N=1,111 N=1,559 N=1,505 N=5,869Antidepressants 0.5% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.2%Marijuana 7.7% 7.6% 6.3% 4.1% 6.1%Narcotic-Analgesics 1.0% 2.8% 1.2% 1.8% 1.6%NighttimeSedatives 1.1% 0.2% 0.7% 0.4% 0.6%Stimulants 3.0% 2.3% 2.7% 4.0% 3.2%Other 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 0.3%More than 1 Class 1.6% 4.1% 2.9% 2.0% 2.3%Overall Drug Positive Nighttime 15.0% 17.3% 14.0% 12.9% 14.4%Negative 85.0% 82.7% 86.0% 87.1% 85.6%In this table, percentages are weighted.“More than 1 Class” – Drivers testing positive for more than one drug class are counted only in this category.All%Further, as indicated in Table 6, comparison of number of drug classes by time of day indicatedthat nighttime drivers (2.3%) were significantly more likely to test positive for more than onedrug class than daytime drivers (1.5%) (p < .01).Table 6. Number and Distribution of Drug Classes by Time of Day (Oral Fluid)Time of DayDaytimeNighttimeNumber ofDrug ClassesN(Unweighted)%(Weighted)1 206 9.5%2+ 40 1.5%Negative 1,604 89.0%Overall Daytime 1,850 100.0%1 680 12.1%2+ 156 2.3%Negative 5,033 85.6%Overall Nighttime 5,869 100.0%6
2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug ResultsAs mentioned earlier, 3,276 blood samples were obtained from nighttime drivers. As expected,the results of the blood analyses were quite close to those obtained by the nighttime driver oralfluid analyses. For example (Table 7), among nighttime drivers, 9.1 percent tested positive for“Illegal” drugs, 4 percent for “Medications,” and 0.7 percent for the combination of both “Illegaland Medications.”Table 7. Drug Categories Distribution (Blood)Drug CategoryN(Unweighted)%(Weighted)Illegal 267 9.1%Medications 169 4.0%Illegal & Medications 30 0.7%Negative 2,810 86.2%Overall 3,276 100.0%“Medications” includes prescription and over-the-counter drugs.Additionally, as indicated in Table 8, 28.3 percent of nighttime drivers testing positive for“Illegal” drugs in blood also tested positive for alcohol, as did 6.4 percent of drivers who testedpositive for “Medications” and 23.2 percent of those testing positive for both “Illegal drugs andMedications.”Table 8. BAC Among Drug-Positive Drivers by Drug Category (Percentage by Row) (Blood)BAC (g/dL)Drug CategoryNBetween(Unweighted) Zero Zero and .08 .08+Illegal 267 71.7% 20.4% 7.9%Medications 169 93.6% 4.9% 1.5%Illegal & Medications 30 76.8% 23.2% 0.0%“Medications” includes prescription and over-the-counter drugs.In this table, percentages are weighted.As indicated in Table 6, some individuals tested positive for more than one drug. Thus, we alsopresent the drug analysis results by individual drug where drug is the unit of analysis (Tables137-140). Those results indicate that the most prevalent drug, other than alcohol, was marijuana.The overall marijuana prevalence rate in oral fluid was 4.5 percent daytime and 7.7 percentnighttime.When we examined the analysis results of the combination of oral fluid and/or blood in thenighttime driver population, we found that the marijuana prevalence rate was 8.7 percent. Thenext most frequently encountered individual drug was cocaine, with a daytime oral fluidprevalence rate of 1.5 percent, and a nighttime rate of 3.9 percent.7
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DOT HS 811 249December 2009
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2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers

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