2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers

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2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug Resultsiv
2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug ResultsTable of ContentsExecutive Summary........................................................................................................................ 1Methodology............................................................................................................................... 1Results......................................................................................................................................... 3Summary..................................................................................................................................... 8Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 9Background................................................................................................................................. 9Prevalence of Drug-Involved Driving ...................................................................................... 10Impact of Drugs on Driving Skills............................................................................................ 10Laboratory Studies................................................................................................................ 10Field Data.............................................................................................................................. 11Challenges in Measurement and Today’s Drug Testing Opportunities.................................... 13Project Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 14Methods......................................................................................................................................... 17Survey Sampling Procedures .................................................................................................... 17Preparation for the 2007 NRS Survey ...................................................................................... 20Driver Conversion..................................................................................................................... 23Selection of Drugs for Screening and Analysis ........................................................................ 24Oral Fluid Collection Device.................................................................................................... 27Blood Collection Procedures .................................................................................................... 29Drug Questionnaire................................................................................................................... 31Oral Fluid Sample Analysis Procedures ............................................................................... 32Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)............................................................ 32Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS-MS)................................... 32Blood Sample Analysis Procedures...................................................................................... 33Ethanol (Oral Fluid and Blood) ............................................................................................ 33Drug Classes and Categories .................................................................................................... 33Results........................................................................................................................................... 37Oral Fluid Results (Daytime and Nighttime Samples) ............................................................. 37Driver Drug Use Prevalence Based on Oral Fluid Results................................................... 37Driver Drug Use Prevalence by Drug Class Based on Oral Fluid Results ........................... 44Driver Drug Use Prevalence by Drug Category Based on Oral Fluid Results .................... 48Driver Drug Prevalence Based on Oral Fluid and BAC Results .......................................... 53Drugs: Oral Fluid Results and Agreement with Self-Reported Drug Use............................ 59Observed Safety Measures of Daytime and Nighttime Drivers (Oral Fluid) ....................... 62Reported Contact with the Criminal Justice System (Oral Fluid) ........................................ 66Reported Contact with the Health System (Oral Fluid)........................................................ 69Blood Results (Nighttime Samples).......................................................................................... 76Driver Drug Use Prevalence Based on Blood Results.......................................................... 76Driver Drug Use Prevalence by Drug Class Based on Blood Results.................................. 80Driver Drug Use Prevalence by Drug Category Based on Blood Results............................ 82Driver Drug Use Prevalence from Blood and BAC Results................................................. 85Oral Fluid and/or Blood Results (Nighttime Samples)............................................................. 89v
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DOT HS 811 249December 2009
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2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers

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