2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers

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2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug ResultsTime ofDayDaytimeNighttimeTable 33. Drug Class Distribution by Time of Day and Age (Oral Fluid)Drug Class16-20%21-34%35-44%45-64%65+%Total%N=99 N=436 N=374 N=668 N=245 N=1,822Antidepressants 0.9% 0.2% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 0.5%Marijuana 4.4% 7.4% 4.8% 1.7% 0.7% 4.0%Narcotic-Analgesics 0.0% 0.7% 1.9% 2.9% 0.8% 1.7%Sedatives 0.7% 0.2% 1.4% 2.3% 4.0% 1.6%Stimulants 0.3% 2.2% 1.2% 2.2% 0.1% 1.6%Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7% 0.0% 0.2%More than 1 Class 0.0% 0.6% 2.1% 2.6% 0.3% 1.5%Overall Drug PositiveDaytime6.2% 11.2% 11.6% 13.3% 6.4% 11.1%Negative 93.8% 88.8% 88.4% 86.7% 93.6% 88.9%N=961 N=2,437 N=1,042 N=1,216 N=148 N=5,804Antidepressants 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2%Marijuana 9.8% 8.5% 4.1% 1.1% 0.0% 6.2%Narcotic-Analgesics 1.1% 0.8% 4.2% 1.4% 0.4% 1.6%Sedatives 0.0% 0.6% 1.2% 0.7% 1.3% 0.7%Stimulants 2.0% 3.6% 2.8% 4.5% 0.0% 3.3%Other 0.2% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.3%More than 1 Class 2.7% 2.9% 2.2% 1.5% 0.0% 2.4%Overall Drug PositiveNighttime16.1% 17.1% 15.2% 9.5% 2.0% 14.6%Negative 83.9% 82.9% 84.8% 90.5% 98.0% 85.4%“More than 1 Class” – Drivers testing positive for more than one drug are only counted in this category.In this table, percentages are weighted.Driver Drug Use Prevalence by Drug Category Based onOral Fluid ResultsIn this section of the report, we display drug use prevalence results from oral fluid tests by drugcategory. The three drug categories were: illegal, prescription, and over-the-counter. Becausethere were very few positive results for over-the-counter drugs, the prescription and over-thecountercategories are combined in these tables into a single category (“Medications”).Additionally, some respondents tested positive for more than one category of drug. Thus, tablespresenting drug categories present four mutually exclusive categories: Illegal; Medications;Illegal and Medications; and Negative. So as not to double count individual positive results, anindividual’s result appears in only one of these categories. However, for example in Table 34, todetermine the proportion of daytime drivers who tested positive for illegal drugs, one could sumthe daytime values for the “Illegal” category (5.8%) and for the ” Illegal & Medications”category (0.5%) to arrive at a prevalence estimate of 6.3% of daytime drivers who were positivefor at least one illegal drug. Detailed summaries of prevalence estimates for individual drugsappear in Tables 137-140 later in the report.As previously noted, drugs may be classified in different ways depending on the use of theclassification system. For example, in NHTSA’s drug evaluation and classification (DEC)48
2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug Resultsprogram, the categories CNS Depressants, CNS Stimulants, Hallucinogens, DissociativeAnesthetic (PCP), Narcotic Analgesics, Inhalants, and Cannabis are used.Comparison of drug categories by time of day (Table 34) reveal that almost 6 percent of daytimedrivers tested positive for drugs in the “Illegal” category as opposed to over 10 percent ofnighttime drivers. This was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < .01).Positive results in the “Medications” category, although not statistically significant, were foundto be slightly higher among the daytime drivers (almost 5%) than nighttime drivers (3%).Table 34. Drug Categories Distribution by Time of Day (Oral Fluid)Time of Day Drug CategoryN(Unweighted)%(Weighted)Illegal 125 5.8%Medications 107 4.8%DaytimeIllegal & Medications 14 0.5%Negative 1,604 89.0%Overall Daytime 1,850 100.0%Illegal 575 10.5%Medications 201 3.0%NighttimeIllegal & Medications 60 0.9%Negative 5,033 85.6%Overall Nighttime 5,869 100.0%“Medications” includes prescription and over-the-counter drugs.Comparison of drug categories by time of day and region (Table 35) showed that, of daytimedrivers, the South region had the highest percentage of positive results for “Illegal” followed bythe West region, however these differences were not statistically significant. In the nighttimesample, the Midwest region had the highest percentage of “Illegal” drug prevalence, althoughthis difference was not statistically significant.49
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DOT HS 811 249December 2009
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2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers

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