2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers

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2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug ResultsDriver Drug Use Prevalence Based on Oral Fluid and/or Blood Results............................. 89Driver Drug Use Prevalence by Drug Class Based on Oral Fluid and/or Blood Results ..... 94Driver Drug Use Prevalence by Drug Category Based on Oral Fluid and/or Blood Results96Driver Drug Use Prevalence from Oral Fluid and/or Blood and BAC Results.................... 98Individual Drug Prevalence Estimates from Oral Fluid, and Oral Fluid and/or BloodCombined................................................................................................................................ 102Overall Individual Drug Prevalence in Daytime and Nighttime ........................................ 103Individual Drug Prevalence in Nighttime Oral Fluid and/or Blood ................................... 105Individual Drug Prevalence Sorted by Drug Type from Oral Fluid, and Oral Fluid and/orBlood Combined ................................................................................................................. 107Discussion................................................................................................................................... 111Oral Fluid Analyses ............................................................................................................ 111Blood Analyses ................................................................................................................... 113Oral Fluid and/or Blood Analyses Combined..................................................................... 114References................................................................................................................................... 115Appendix A................................................................................................................................. 1212007 National Roadside Survey Additional Tables............................................................ 123TablesTable 1. Participating Drivers (Percentages in Parentheses) .......................................................... 3Table 2. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day (Oral Fluid)................................................................. 3Table 3. Drug Categories Distribution by Time of Day (Oral Fluid) ............................................. 4Table 4. BAC Among Drug-Positive Drivers by Drug Category and Time of Day (Oral Fluid) .. 5Table 5. Drug Classes by Time of Day and Region (Oral Fluid) ................................................... 6Table 6. Number and Distribution of Drug Classes by Time of Day (Oral Fluid)......................... 6Table 7. Drug Categories Distribution (Blood) .............................................................................. 7Table 8. BAC Among Drug-Positive Drivers by Drug Category (Percentage by Row) (Blood)... 7Table 9. Comparison of Number of Nighttime Participants by Year in the National RoadsideSurveys.................................................................................................................................. 21Table 10. Participating Drivers (Percentages in Parentheses) ...................................................... 22Table 11. Oral Fluid Analysis Results Among Converted Drivers .............................................. 23Table 12. Blood Analysis Results Among Converted Drivers ..................................................... 23Table 13. Selected Drugs and Minimum Detection Concentrations † ........................................... 24Table 14. Extraction Efficiency of Quantisal Oral Fluid Collection Device over a Range ofDrugs: Quintela..................................................................................................................... 29Table 15. Extraction Efficiency of Quantisal Oral Fluid Collection Device over a Range ofDrugs: Moore........................................................................................................................ 29Table 16. Drug Questionnaire Survey .......................................................................................... 31Table 17. Drug Class Composition—Oral Fluid and Blood Combined ....................................... 34Table 18. Drug Category Composition—Oral Fluid and Blood Combined ................................. 35Table 19. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day (Oral Fluid)............................................................. 38Table 20. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day/Session (Oral Fluid)................................................ 38Table 21. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day and Region (Oral Fluid).......................................... 39Table 22. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day and Gender (Oral Fluid) ......................................... 39Table 23. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day and Age (Oral Fluid)............................................... 40vi
2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers: Drug ResultsTable 24. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day, Age, and Gender (Oral Fluid)................................ 41Table 25. Drug Prevalence by Race/Ethnicity (Oral Fluid).......................................................... 42Table 26. Drug Prevalence by Education Level (Oral Fluid) ....................................................... 42Table 27. Drug Prevalence by Employment Status (Oral Fluid).................................................. 43Table 28. Drug Prevalence by Vehicle Type (Oral Fluid)............................................................ 44Table 29. Number and Distribution of Drug Classes by Time of Day (Oral Fluid)..................... 44Table 30. Number and Distribution of Drug Classes by Time of Day (Drug Positives Only)(Oral Fluid) ........................................................................................................................... 45Table 31. Drug Classes by Time of Day and Region (Oral Fluid) ............................................... 46Table 32. Drug Classes Distribution by Time of Day and Gender (Oral Fluid)........................... 47Table 33. Drug Class Distribution by Time of Day and Age (Oral Fluid) ................................... 48Table 34. Drug Categories Distribution by Time of Day (Oral Fluid) ......................................... 49Table 35. Drug Categories Distribution by Time of Day and Region (Oral Fluid)...................... 50Table 36. Drug Categories Distribution by Time of Day and Gender (Oral Fluid)...................... 51Table 37. Drug Categories Distribution by Time of Day and Age (Oral Fluid)........................... 52Table 38. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day and BAC (Percentages Calculated by Row) (OralFluid)..................................................................................................................................... 54Table 39. Drug Prevalence by Time of Day and BAC (Percentages Calculated by Column) (OralFluid)..................................................................................................................................... 54Table 40. BAC Among Drug-Positive Drivers by Time of Day and Age (Oral Fluid)................ 55Table 41. BAC Among Drug-Positive Drivers by Number of Drug Classes and Time of Day(Percentages Calculated by Column) (Oral Fluid)................................................................ 55Table 42. BAC Among Drug-Positive Drivers by Number of Drug Classes and Time of Day(Percentages Calculated by Row) (Oral Fluid)..................................................................... 56Table 43. BAC Among Drug-Positive Drivers by Drug Category and Time of Day (Oral Fluid)............................................................................................................................................... 56Table 44. BAC of Drivers by Drug Category, Age, and Time of Day (Oral Fluid)..................... 57Table 45. BAC of Drivers by Drug Category, Gender, and Time of Day (Oral Fluid)................ 58Table 46. Oral Fluid Results and Agreement with Self-Reported by Drug Type (Oral Fluid) .... 60Table 47. Daytime: Seat Belt Observation by Drug Prevalence (Oral Fluid) ............................. 62Table 48. Nighttime: Seat Belt Observation by Drug Prevalence (Oral Fluid)............................ 62Table 49. Daytime: Seat Belt Observation by Drug Class (Percentages Calculated by Row) (OralFluid)..................................................................................................................................... 63Table 50. Nighttime: Seat Belt Observation by Drug Class (Percentages Calculated by Row)(Oral Fluid) ........................................................................................................................... 63Table 51. Daytime: Seat Belt Observation by Drug Category (Percentages Calculated by Row)(Oral Fluid) ........................................................................................................................... 64Table 52. Nighttime: Belt Observation by Drug Category (Percentages Calculated by Row) (OralFluid)..................................................................................................................................... 64Table 53. Daytime: Helmet Use for Motorcycle Riders (Operators), by Drug Positive (OralFluid)..................................................................................................................................... 64Table 54. Nighttime: Helmet Use for Motorcycle Riders (Operators), by Drug Positive (OralFluid)..................................................................................................................................... 65Table 55. Daytime: Helmet Use for Motorcycle Riders (Operators), by Drug Class (Oral Fluid)............................................................................................................................................... 65vii
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DOT HS 811 249December 2009
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2007 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers

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